CIE Module 1-5 Civil Engineering PDF

CIE MODULE 1-5 MODULE 1: CIVIL ENGINEERING AS THE OLDEST ENGINEERING DISCIPLE - Engineering is one of the oldest professions, traditionally classified into 4 primary disciplines o Civil engineering o Mechanical engineering...

CIE MODULE 1-5 MODULE 1: CIVIL ENGINEERING AS THE OLDEST ENGINEERING DISCIPLE - Engineering is one of the oldest professions, traditionally classified into 4 primary disciplines o Civil engineering o Mechanical engineering o Electrical engineering o Chemical Engineering - CIVIL ENGINEERING: o Form of human activity pursued ever since people first wanted to change the natural environment for their benefit - CIVIL ENGINEERING FUNCTIONS: o Concerned with Civil / Public works o Divided into 3 steps: Before, during, and after construction ▪ 1st STEP: feasibility studies, site investigation, and design works, making sure the project is meaningful and executable ▪ 2nd STEP: the main part of the project, closer cooperation among clients, consulting engineers, and contractors ▪ 3rd STEP: extremely important that maintenance effort is applied, - 3 CATEGORIES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING: o Consulting o Contracting o Government (Municipal) Engineering - 6 FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATIONS o Structural ▪ Concerned with the conception, analysis, design, and construction of components to resist loads arising from internal and external forces ▪ Ensure buildings can support their weight as well as the weight of those using them ▪ Help determine which building materials are used and how the skeleton is assembled. o Geotechnical ▪ Study of the behavior of soils under the influence of loading forces & soil-water interactions ▪ Considers stability of rock and soil and their chemical composition o Environmental ▪ Ensure that societal development and use of water, land, and air are sustainable ▪ Focuses specifically on creating projects that sustain/improve the environment ▪ Uses alternative energy sources like solar, wind/water o Water resources ▪ Quantitative study of the hydrologic cycle – distribution & circulation of water linking the earth’s atmosphere, land and oceans ▪ Buil the infrastructure that provides clean water to those who depend on it for their survival o Transportation ▪ Build systems like railways, subways, roads and bridges ▪ Plan, design, build, operate, and maintain these systems of transport ▪ Provide safe, efficient, and convenient movement of goods and people o Construction management ▪ Oversee a building project from start to finish ▪ Coordinate different professionals involved ▪ Keep risk to a minimum by focusing on safety and compliance with local, state, and federal building codes  CIE MODULE 1-5 MODULE 2: ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE SOCIETY - ROLES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 1. Conceive, plan, estimate, create & maintain engineering activities 2. Device communication systems like roads, railways, harbors & airports 3. Provide and maintain solid and wastewater disposal systems 4. Monitor land, water, and air pollution and take measures to control them 5. Industrialization has put heavy responsibilities to protect and preserve the environment 6. Development of the following infrastructures: a. Measurement and mapping of the earth’s surface b. Plan new townships & extensions c. Build suitable rural & urban areas for utilities d. Build tanks and dams to exploit water resources e. Build river navigation & flood control f. Build canals & distributaries to take water to agricultural fields g. Purify & supply water to needy areas - IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN ECONOMY o Good planning brings sufficient offices, educational institutions, markets, hospitals, etc. o Road construction improves accessibility, increasing economic productivity and development o Improved irrigation facilities enhance agricultural produce, benefitting producers o Assured water supply for human consumption o Good drainage and waste disposal system for human safety o Pollution-free environmental conditions through environmental engineering MODULE 3: STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING o Focuses on the framework of structures, designing them to withstand the stresses and pressures of the environment o Oldest types of engineering ▪ First instance of tree branches being lashed together with vines o Work alongside civil engineers and architects as part of a construction team o They design roof framing, arches, columns, braces, frames, foundations and walls o Critical skills include: ▪ In-depth understanding of physics and math ▪ Know the properties of various materials, density, hardness, tensile strength, etc. o Rely increasingly on computer-aided design (CAD) systems - Their job is to: o Calculate loads and stress that can be safely endured o Assess and monitor structures o Analyze blueprints, maps, reports, and topographical and geological data o Estimate the cost and quantities of materials o Compute load and grade requirements o Inspect project sites to monitor progress o Conduct studies of traffic patterns  CIE MODULE 1-5 MODULE 4: CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT` - CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERS o Oversee a project from start to finish, coordinating all the different professionals involved o Concerned with the planning and management of the construction process for different projects o Requires knowledge of management principles, business procedures, and human behavior o Engage in the design of temporary structures, quality assurance, and quality control o Their client is rarely a single person o Consultant, independent person or organization: ▪ Provide a specialized service regarding a specific use of a project ▪ plugged into situations specifically suited to that consultant’s expertise o Contractor, person/company that undertakes a contract to provide material or labor to perform a service - 2 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS o Construction managers: ▪ Supervising the entire construction process, ensuring they are technically sound and on budget ▪ Managing subcontractors, and personnel, and ensuring that building codes and regulations are followed o Project managers: ▪ Tasked with complete oversight of the entire project, from planning to finished product ▪ Make sure the project is delivered on time and budget ▪ Budgeting can include more than just the construction phase such as marketing, client meetings, etc. - FUNCTIONS IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT & ENGINEERING o Project management planning: ▪ Planning the entire project and documentation ▪ Allow for budgeting and access to materials o Cost management: ▪ Expenses of each project must be efficiently managed o Quality management: ▪ Make sure that contractors employed are completing it to a high-quality standard o Contract administration: ▪ All parts of the project construction process ▪ Ensure that all parties involved are satisfied o Safety management: ▪ Must ensure that correct processes are in place to make sure there are no accidents ▪ Ensure work meets all the legal requirements and building regulations