CHN Lec Week 1 & 2.pdf

Unauthorized distribution of this document will result in a 5.0 grade penalty in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim W...

Unauthorized distribution of this document will result in a 5.0 grade penalty in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim Week 1 INTRODUCTION § By prioritizing these challenges ,we can strive towards a future where GLOBAL HEALTH CHALLENGES IN 2024 health is a universal right and not a privilege ensuring the wellbeing 1. Infectious Diseases — COVID-19 of current and future generations. 2. Mental Health Crisis — 3. Climate Change and Health — DEFINITION OF TERMS 4. Vaccine and Access — WHO helped Ph to procure COVID-19 vaccine PUBLIC HEALTH 5. Technological Advancements and Health Ethics — telemedicine (where check-up is conducted through online). Definitions: 6. Aging Population and Non-communicable diseases — the rise of Dr. Charles Edward Winslow, Father of Public Health cancer patients § “The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting health and efficiency through the organized efforts and informed NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATIONS choices of society, organizations, public and private communities and In 2024, Philippines has an estimated share of: individuals” § adult population who smokes daily in the Philippines Is 21.97% § alcohol consumption per capita in the Philippines is expected to be 6.28L § affected by Diabetes is 6.80% § male smoker is 37.59% & female smokers is 5.99% § number of hospital beds per inhabitants is 0.98 § number of nurses per 1000 inhabitants is 4.74 Takeaways: § Tackling the global health challenges in 2024 requires a collaborative approach § Governments, healthcare professionals, researchers and the public must work together to strengthen healthcare systems. § Promote health equity and address the root causes of health 1. Hanlon, disparities § Dedicated to the common attainment of the highest level of physical, mental and social well being and longevity consistent with available knowledge and resources at a given time and place.  2. WHO § It impacts everything—educational achievement, safety and crime, § The art of applying science in the context of politics so as to reduce people’s ability to work and be financially health, life expectancy, inequalities in health points to the fact that public health is a core happiness and more. element of the government’s attempts to improve and promote the health and welfare of their citizens. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING § Refers to all organized measures (public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole WHO § population-focused, community oriented approach aimed at health Notes: promotion of an entire population and prevention of disease, disability § Public Health is focused more on prevention, promotion and and premature death in a population rehabilitation/treatment. Cure is done on the hospital setting. § Delivering our services (nurses) to the people. Araceli Maglaya § DOH have deployed numerous nurses to go to rural communities. § Utilization of the nursing process in the different levels of clientele- § CoPar = Community Participation individuals, families, population groups and communities concerned with the promotion health, prevention of disease and disability and 3. Center. For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) rehabilitation § It is a unique blend of nursing and public health practice woven into a - the science of protecting and improving the health of people and human service that when properly developed and applied has a their communities tremendous impact on human well being. Its individuals and families in their homes, in places of work in schools and clinics. PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING § One of the basic services of health departments Jacobson COMMUNITY HEALTH § Learned practice discipline with the ultimate goal of contributing as 1. WHO individuals and in collaboration with others to the promotion of the client’s optimum level of functioning through teaching and delivery of § Environmental, social and economic resources to sustain emotional and care. physical well-being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. Notes: § A collective level of overall health for a group of people who live, work 50% of a nurse responsibility is patient-teaching. or play together. A community can be defined by geography but can also groups of employees or members of a similar cultural group 2  STANDARDS OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN PH § Address promotion, improvement and restoration of health/prevention 1. Data Collection/Assessment of illness, injury or disease § Alleviating of suffering, emergency preparedness and response § PHN collects comprehensive data pertinent to the health status of § Wellness across lifespan populations – § Applying current regulations, ecological consideration, document and § individualized to population integrate trends. § assess health literacy, determine barriers and limitations, prioritize risks, evidence-based practice) 5. Implementation § This is where you will be determining the problem of the community. § Implements the identified plan § Partner with individuals 2.Population Diagnosis and Priorities § Applies evidence-based strategies § analyses the assessment data to determine the diagnoses or issues § Provide holistic care § derives comprehensive population diagnoses/priorities, § Incorporate systems and population resources § validates the diagnoses or concerns agencies and/pr organizations, § Consider cultural diversity and major health problems when § identifies actual or potential risks or documents implementing § to diagnose health problems that exists in communities most especially § Integrate ecological perspective related to environmental sanitation etc. § Monitor implementation § Accommodate different styles of communication 3. Outcomes Identification § Integrate traditional and complementary health practices, § identifies expected outcomes for a plan specific to the problem or § Use technology to measure, document, record and retrieve data situation § involves population/professionals/organizations/stakeholders 6. Evaluation § consider beliefs and values/benefits/risks, costs/social policies § Evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes § incorporate knowledge of available resources (systematic/ongoing/criterion-based evaluation of programs, § legacy privacy considerations collaborate with target population/stakeholders) § reflect long term commitment to population § Apply epidemiological and scientific methods to determine § modify as need and document effectiveness § Use info technology 4. Planning § On going assessment of data usage, § Develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain § Disseminate the evaluation results expect outcomes (population-focused plans and prioritization of § Monitor and assure appropriate use of programs determinants of health/assets/concerns/needs/risks/ § Document results. 3 § Evaluate the response of clients to interventions to note progress § Applies ethical standards, toward interventions § Maintains confidentiality § To note progress toward goal achievement § Assists in developing skills in self-determination and informed decision- § Revise data base making § Goal achievement § Maintain professional relationships/boundaries § Revise data base, diagnoses and plan § Resolves issues § Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility and quality of personal and § Reports illegal/unethical behaviors population-based health services. § Challenges practices that jeopardize safety or quality improvement 7. Health Teaching and Promotion Note: § employs multiple strategies to promote and a safe environment Honesty is one of the ethical aspect to be a nurse most especially in § appropriate health education related to available making a mistake. resources/developmental needs/healthy lifestyle choices and Do not hide your mistake. You’ll learn from it. behaviors/health promotion 10. Assumes professional development/education 8. Regulatory Activities § Attains knowledge and competence that reflect current nursing § participates in application of public health laws, regulations and policies § On going educational activities § Describes the structure function/jurisdictional authority of § Commitment to lifelong learning organizational units § Seeks experiences that reflect current practice § Educate affected populations § Knows historical foundation of public health § Support public health policies/programs/resources § Seeks formal and independent learning experiences § Monitors and inspects regulated entities § Identifies changes in statutory requirements for the practice of nursing § Collect information § Involved informal consultations addressing public health § Assist with addressing noncompliance with laws § Shares experiences with peers § Contributes to work environment of education Note: § Maintains professional record. there must be a regulation/policy. this is what the planned action will/is based on. This is what also protects nurses to act upon on the community 11. Evidence based Practice and Research Integrates evidence and research findings into practice 9. Ethics Utilize the best current evidence § Adheres to ethic codes Engage in research § Deliver programs/services in a manner that preserves, promotes and Implement research protocols protects the autonomy, beliefs, dignity, values and rights of people Critically analyze/interpret results & shar research activities 4 Indulges in research to contribute to theory and practice in community EVOLUTION OF PHN IN PH health nursing Research for new insights and innovate solutions to health problems. 1912 12. Quality of Practice - Fajardo Act (Act No. 2156) created Sanitary Divisions. --walay ss--- - The president of the sanitary division (forerunners of the present 13. Leadership Municipal Health Officers) took charge of two or three § Demonstrates leadership in the professional practice setting and the municipalities where there were no physicians available profession - Male nurses were assigned to perform the duties § Oversee nursing care given 1914 § Abides by the vision and associated goals and plan to implement and - SCHOOL nursing WAS RENDERED BY A NURSE EMPLOYED BY measure progress THE bureau of Health in Tacloban, Leyte § Act in accordance with organization goals - Recognition Act no. 2462 created the office of General inspection § Facilitates development of organizational plans - 2 graduate Filipino nurses, Mrs. Casilang Estaquio and Mrs. § Participates in teams, mentors colleagues, treat colleagues with respect, Matilde Azurin were employed for Maternal and Child health conflict resolution Sanitation in Manila under an American nurse, Mrs. G.D. Schudder. § Promote culturally response work environment 1916-1918 § Participates in professional organizations - Miss Perlita Clark took charge of the public health nursing work § Articulates nursing and public health knowledge to others staff was composed § Influences health care policy. § 1 American Nurse § 1 American dietician 14. Interdisciplinary Collaboration § 36 Filipino nurses working in the provinces § 1 nurse and 1 dietician assigned in 2 sanitary department QUALIFICATIONS OF A PHN § 4 graduate nurses paid by the City of Manila employed to § Is a graduate of BS Nursing and a licensed nurse. work in the City Schools § has leadership potential , resourceful, creative, honest and has integrity - The office of Miss Clark was abolished due to lack of funds § has interest and willingness to work in the community 1919 § active member to professional nursing organizations - The first Filipino nurse supervisor under the Bureau of Health, PNA (Philippine Nursing Association is the mother/ highest body of Miss Carmen del Rosario was appointed. She succeeded Miss organization in the Philippines) Madel Dabbs. T - There was gradual increase of public health nurse and expansion of services. 1923 - 3 schools of nursing were established: 5  § Zamboanga General Hospital School of Nursing in Mindanao 1967 § Baguio General Hospital in Northern Luzon - Merged of Bureau of Disease Control and Mental Health, Mrs. § Chinese General Hospital School of Nursing Zenaida Panlilio-Nince was appointed as Nursing program 1926 Supervisor and served as consultant on the nursing aspects of - Miss Carmen Leogardo resigned and miss Genara S. Manongdo, a the special diseases: ranking supervisor of American Red Cross—Philippine Chapter § TB was appointed § Leprosy 1928 § Venereal Diseases - First convention of nurses was held followed by yearly convention § Cancer until the advance of WW2. Pre-service training was initiated as a § Filariases. pre-requisite for appointment - She was involved in program planning, monitoring evaluation and 1933 research - Reorganization Act No. 4007 transferred the division of Maternal 1987 and Child health of the Office of Public Welfare Commission to - Executive Order no. 119 reorganized the DOH and created several the Bureau of Health offices and several within the DOH. 1947 1990-1992 - The newly created section of puericulture Center of Bureau of - Aside from the usual services for mother and children, these Hospitals had Mrs. Teresa Malgapo as Chief nurses were involved in the following programs: 1948 § Expanded program on immunization - First training center of the Bureau of health was organized in § Control of diarrhea cooperation with Pasay City Health Department. Physicians and § Control of acute respiratory infections. nurses undergoing pre-service training in public health nursing as well as nursing students on affiliation were assigned to the above training center. 1953 - Philippine congress approved RA No. 1082 or the Rural Health Law. It created the 81 Rural Health Units. Each unit had a physician, aa public health nurse, midwife, a sanitary inspect and clerk driver 1957 - RA 1891 was approved amending Sections 2,3,4, and 8 of RA 1082 “ Strengthening Health and Dental Services in the Rural Areas and Providing Funds” 6 Distribution of this document without the ownerʼs knowledge would lead to a 5.0 grade in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim Week 2 HISTORY OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES 3. Coordinator and Collaborator Based on socio-political periods: § Establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other 1. Pre-American Occupation (up to 1898) health professionals, government agencies, the private sectors, 2. American Military Government (1899 - 1907) NGO and people’s organization to address health problems 3. Philippine Assembly (1907 – 1916) § Providing the highest quality of care to a patient would mean 4. The Jones Law (1916 -1936) being open to other healthcare practitioner so that, as a team we 5. The Commonwealth (1936 – 1941) can find ways on how to alleviate the patient’s situation/issue. 6. Japanese occupation (1941 – 1945) 4. Supervisor 7. Post World War II (1945 – 1972) § Monitors and supervises the performance of midwives and other 8. Post EDSA Revolution (1986 to present) health auxiliary workers (doesn’t have proper degree but are trained to be like Barangay Health Office etc.) FUNCTIONS OF A PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE (PHN) § Midwife are legally allowed to administer IV insertion than nurses 1. Clinicians 5. Leader and Change Agent § utilizes the nursing process in the care of the client in the home § Influence people to participate in the overall process of setting through home visits and in public health care facilities. community development Conducts referral of clients to appropriate levels of care when § One of the qualifications of a public health nurse. necessary. 6. Manager § Responsibility of the PNH to make some referral to the appropriate § Organizes the nursing service component of the local health level of care. agency or LGU. § It is not for infirmary. § Responsible for the delivery of the package of services provided 2. Health Educator by the health program to target clientele. § It is not easy to be a public health nurse. 7. Researcher § It is the responsibility of them to cultivate the knowledge of clients. § Participates in the conduct of research and utilizers research § Fully equipped with Knowledge, Skills & Attitude. findings in practice. § Conducts health information campaigns to various groups for the § Aids the community for it to foster and eradicate any risk for a purpose of health promotion and disease prevention. public health crisis. § Providing data.  § Promote gender equality and empower women ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE § Reduce child mortality 1. Client Oriented Roles § Improve maternal health A. Caregiver § Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases § Giving instructions/ Aiding people who are unable § Ensure environmental sustainability B. Educator § Develop a global partnership for development § Giving advices/suggestions/inputs regarding their issues to elevate it. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) C. Counselor § In 2015, all the countries in the United Nations adopted the 2030 § Confidentiality , support, active-listening Agenda for Sustainable Development. D. Referral resource § It sets out 17 goals which include 169 targets. § ‘refer’ and looking for ‘resources’ for the client § These wide ranging and ambitious goals interconnect. E. Role model § Goal 3 is ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages F. Case Manager but it is also cross-cutting so that progress in its implementation § Barangay health workers ‘ contributes to progress towards other goals and action on other goals to attain Goal 3. 2. Delivery Oriented Roles § Most of the goals also have some direct health targets. All of them have A. Coordinator indicates by which progress can be measured. B. Collaborator C. Liaison Local Health System and Evolution of Health Services 3. Population Oriented Roles Local health systems A. Case Finder 1. National Voluntary Blood Services Program B. Leader 2. Health Leadership And Governance Program C. Change agent 3. Geographically Isolated And Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA) Including D. Community mobilizer Indigenous Population (IO) Health Program Cluster/Program E. Coalition builder 4. Barangay Health Worker F. Policy advocate 5. LGU Health Scorecard G. Social Marketer 6. Health Care Financing H. Researcher 7. Local Investment Planning For Health 8. Health Facility Enhancement Program World Health Organization Goals 9. Service Delivery Network § Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger § Achieve universal primary education