Overview Of Public Health Nursing In The Philippines PDF

COMMUNITY HEALTH 01 T...

COMMUNITY HEALTH 01 T NRCM0104–LEC E R AGUILAR NURSING I (LEC) M TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES GLOBAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATIONS NATIONAL HEALTH SITUATIONS GLOBAL SITUATIONS Gives us an idea of the health situations in the Public health systems operate within a context of communities where the nurses work. ongoing changes that exert a number of Different places have different conditions pressures on the public health system. prevailing and the health picture varies. The changes that occur are: The Philippines is also experiencing an 1. Shifts in demographic and epidemiological epidemiologic shift –while we are fighting trends in diseases, including the emergence against the effects of communicable diseases, we and re-emergence of new diseases and in the are at the same time contending to the effects of prevalence of risk and protective factors. non-communicable, chronic-lifestyle related 2. New technologies for health care, diseases. communication, and information. 3. Existing and emerging environmental DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE hazards some associated with globalization. WORLD POPULATION (AS OF SEPT. 2022) 4. Health reforms 7.97 Billion MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS PHILIPPINE POPULATION (AS OF 8/20/2022) An adopted common vision of poverty reduction 117, 337, 368 Million and sustainable development represented by the United Nations General Assembly in September BIRTHS PER DAY 2000 is exemplified by the Millennium 7, 487 Development Goals (MDGs). Based on the fundamental values of: o Freedom DEATHS PER DAY o Equality 2,091 o Solidarity o Tolerance MIGRATION PER DAY o Health 453 o Respect for nature o Shared responsibility POPULATION CHANGE SINCE JAN. 1, 2022 Almost all the goals except goals 2 and 3 are 240,558 about health or health-related. This shows that health is essential in achieving GLOBAL AND NATIONAL HEALTH STATUS the goals and is a major contributor in the goal of GLOBAL HEALTH STATUS poverty reduction. Studies describe the state of global health by 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education measuring the burden of diseases- like the loss of 3. Promote gender equality and empower health from all causes of illness and death women worldwide. 4. Reduce child mortality Collecting and comparing health data from 5. Improve maternal health across the globe is a way to describe health 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other problems, identify trends and help decision- diseases makers set priorities. 7. Ensure environmental stability 8. Develop a global partnership for development To achieve the goals, participation of all the members of society from both the developing and developed countries is necessary. MAGNO 1  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES TOP 10 MOST COMMON HEALTH ISSUES IN THE NATIONAL OBJECTIVES FOR HEALTH PHILIPPINES VISION Physical Activity and Nutrition Health for all Filipinos Overweight and Obesity Tobacco MISSION Substance Abuse Ensure accessibility and quality of health care to HIV/AIDS improve the quality of life of all Filipinos, Mental Health especially the poor. Injury and Violence Environmental Quality PRINCIPLES Immunization Universal access to basic health services must be Access to Health Care ensured. The health and nutrition of vulnerable groups TOP 8 MOST COMMON HEALTH ISSUES IN THE must be prioritized. WORLD (WHO) The epidemiologic shift from infectious to Global influenza pandemic degenerative diseases must be managed. Fragile and vulnerable settings The performance of the health sector must be Antimicrobial resistance enhanced. Ebola and other high-threat pathogens GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Weak primary health care IMPROVE THE GENERAL HEALTH STATUS OF THE Vaccine hesitancy POPULATION Dengue Reduce infant/child/maternal mortality rate HIV Reduce total fertility rate Increase the life expectancy and the quality of life 10 LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY IN THE years PHILIPPINES (JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 2019 & Dental caries and periodontal 2020) Rheumatic heart diseases and fever Ischemic heart diseases Coronary artery disease, hypertension and Neoplasms lipidemia Diabetes Mellitus Stroke Pneumonia Cancer Hypertensive diseases Diabetes Covid-19 virus not identified Mental Disorders Chronic lower respiratory infections Protein-energy malnutrition Other heart diseases Iron-deficiency anemia Respiratory Tuberculosis Obesity Remainder of diseases of the Genitourinary Accidents, traumas and injuries as public health system problems LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY IN THE REDUCE MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, DISABILITY, PHILIPPINES 2014 AND COMPLICATIONS FROM THE FOLLOWING Tuberculosis other forms DISEASES AND DISORDERS Dengue fever Pneumonia and acute respiratory infections Tuberculosis respiratory Diarrhea and other food and water-borne Acute watery diarrhea diseases like typhoid, cholera, and hepatitis A Influenza Tuberculosis Bronchitis Dengue Urinary tract Infection Intestinal Parasitism Hypertension Sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, and ALTRI and Pneumonia other reproductive tract infections Acute Respiratory Infection Hepatitis B Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases Nephritis and chronic diseases MAGNO 2  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES ELIMINATE THE FOLLOWING DISEASES AS PUBLIC DR. CHARLES EDWARD AMORY WINSLOW HEALTH PROBLEMS Public Health classic definition comes from Dr. Schistosomiasis Charles Edward Amory Winslow, an American Malaria Bacteriologist and Public Health Expert. Filariasis He defined it as the “birthright of health and Leprosy longevity.” Rabies Vaccine-preventable diseases: WHO o Tetanus Art of applying science in the context of politics o Diphtheria so as to reduce inequalities in health while o Pertussis ensuring the best health for the greatest number. Vitamin A deficiency Iodine deficiency disorder ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH FUNCTIONS Health situation monitoring and analysis ERADICATE POLIOMYELITIS Epidemiological surveillance/disease prevention and control PROMOTE HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Development of policies and planning in public Promote healthy diet and nutrition health Promote physical activity and fitness Strategic management of health systems and Promote personal hygiene services for population health gain Promote mental health and less stressful life Regulation and enforcement to protect public Prevent smoking and substance abuse health Prevent violent and risk taking behaviors Human resources development and planning in public health PROMOTE THE HEALTH AND NUTRITION OF Health promotion, social participation, and FAMILIES AND SPECIAL POPULATIONS empowerment Neonatal and infant health Ensuring the quality of personal and population- Health peoples of indigenous based health services Children’s health Research, development, and implementation of Adolescent and youth health innovative public health solutions Adult health Women’s health COMMUNITY HEALTH Health of older persons COMMUNITY Health of overseas Filipino workers Seen as a group or collection of locality-based Health of differently abled persons individuals, interacting in social units, and Health of the rural/urban poor sharing common interests, characteristics, values, and/or goals. PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OTHER DEFINITIONS Healthy homes, workplace, establishments, ALLENDER schools, communities, towns and cities “A collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests, or DEFINITION AND FOCUS characteristics form for a sense of unity or PUBLIC HEALTH belonging.” Science and Art of Preventing Disease. Prolonging Life, Promoting Health and efficiency LUNDY AND JANES through organized community effort for the sanitation of the environment, control of “A group of people who share something in communicable diseases, the education of the common and interact with one another, who may individuals in personal hygiene, the organization exhibit a commitment with one another and may of medical and nursing services for the early share a geographic boundary.” diagnosis and preventive. FAMORCA Extends the realm of public health to include organized health efforts at the community level through both government and private efforts. MAGNO 3  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES CENTER FOR DISEASE CONTROL (CDC) DR. C.E. WINSLOW Focuses on how factors such as socioeconomic Public Health is a science and art of 3 P’s: hardship and cultural standards affect overall o Prevention of disease health. o Prolonging life o Promotion of health and efficiency through TWO MAIN TYPES OF COMMUNITIES organized community effort GEOPOLITICAL COMMUNITIES OR TERRITORIAL Most traditionally recognized. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Defined or formed by both natural and man-made It emerged out of interest in reaffirming the boundaries and include: original thrust of Public Health Nursing: o Barangays o Nursing for the health of the entire public or o Municipalities community versus Nursing only for the public o Cities who are poor. o Provinces o To redefine the practice of Public Health o Regions Nursing in the Philippines, the National o Nations League of Philippine Government Nurses came up with standards of Public Health PHENOMENOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES or Nursing in 2005. FUNCTIONAL COMMUNITIES Refer to relational, interactive groups, in which PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES (PHN) the place or setting is more abstract, and people Nurses in the local or national health share a group perspective or identity based on departments or public schools whether their culture, values, history, interest, and goals. official title is Public Health Nurse or school nurse. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Community Health and Public Health have the It is also called “public health nursing” or same end goal which is to provide and support an “community nursing.” environment that may be fit for individuals to It combines primary healthcare and nursing thrive and survive in. practice in a community setting. PH focuses more on scientific basis and methods. RUTH B. FREEMAN CH provides a more grounded approach and A service rendered by a professional nurse with looks beyond scientific evidence such as communities, groups, families, individuals at socioeconomic factors. home, in health centers, in clinics, in schools, in places, of work, for the promotion of health, PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING prevention of illness, care of the sick at home and Term coined by Lilian Wald to denote service that rehabilitation. was available to all people. But as the federal state and local government JACOBSON increased their involvement in the delivery of It is a learned practice discipline with the ultimate health services, the term became associated with goal of contributing to the promotion of the “public” or government agencies and in turn with client’s OLOF (Optimum Level of Functioning) the care of the poor people. through teaching and delivery of care. The term used before for Community Health Nursing. DOH WHO A unique blend of nursing and public health practice woven into a human service that “Special field of nursing that combines skills of properly developed and applied has a nursing, public health, and some phases of tremendous impact on human well-being. social assistance and functions as a part of the Its responsibilities expand to the care and total public health program for the promotion of supervision of individuals and families in their health, the improvement of conditions in the homes, in places of work, schools and clinics. social and physical environment, rehabilitation, and the prevention of illness and disability.” MAGNO 4  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES ARACELI MAGLAYA THE STANDARD OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES The utilization of the Nursing Processing in the PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES Different Levels of Clientele- Individuals, Families, and Communities, concerned with the They are found in various health settings and Promotion of Health, Prevention of Disease and occupying various positions in the hierarchy. Disability and Rehabilitation. They are assigned in RHUs, city health centers, provincial and regional health offices, and even in COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES the national offices of the DOH. Provides health services, preventive care, They also assigned in public schools and in the intervention, and health education to offices of government agencies providing health communities and populations. care services. Community Nurses can provide the following: Uses various tools and procedures necessary for o Health Education her to properly practice her profession and o Community Advocacy deliver basic health services. o Ensuring a safe and healthy environment Uses nursing process in her practice and is adept o Abuse and neglect prevention in documenting and reporting accomplishment o Policy Reform through records and reports. o Community Development Technically competent in various nursing Community Nurses can cover some or all of these procedures conducting in settings where she is areas: assigned. o Disability Identification and support o Pregnancy and Infant care education and QUALIFICATIONS AND FUNCTION OF A PHN referrals The PHN has the professional, personal and other o Child development assessment qualifications that are appropriate to her/his job o Domestic violence support responsibilities. o Self-care, healthcare, and nutrition education 1. Is a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BS) and a registered nurse SCHOOL NURSES 2. Has the following personal qualities and School Nurses are also Community Health professional competencies: Nurses. o Good physical and mental health Children who do not feel well go to the school o Interest and willingness to work in the nurse and report their symptoms. community If it turns out multiple students have the same o Capacity and ability to: illness, the nurse informs the school’s - Relate the practice with ongoing community that there is an illness going around, community health and health related educates them on its symptoms, and advises activities. them what to do. - Work cooperatively with other Some school nurses may also communicate with disciplines and members of the residents who live near the school to let them community know about any trending illnesses or other public - Accept and take actions needed to health issues. improve self and service - Analyze combination of factors and THE ESSENTIAL SKILLS OF COMMUNITY HEALTH conditions that influence health of NURSE populations, Community nurses rely on data and analysis to 3. Apply nursing process in meeting the health assess communities, create plans of action and and nursing needs of the community and: establish procedures. o Mobilize resources in the community o With leadership potential; o Resourcefulness and creativity; o Honesty and integrity; and, o Active membership to professional nursing organizations MAGNO 5  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES FUNCTIONS Uses her knowledge and skills in nursing Functions in accordance with the dominant process: values of PHNs, within the ethico-legal o Assessment framework of the nursing profession, and in o Plans accordance with the needs of the clients and o Implements care available resources for health. o Evaluates outcomes Functions of PHN are consistent with the Nursing Establishes rapport with her client: Law 2002 and program policies formulated by the o Individual DOH and local government health agencies. o Family They are related to: o Community–home visit o Management Referral of patients to appropriate levels of care. o Supervision o Provision of nursing care COLLABORATING AND COORDINATING FUNCTION o Collaboration and coordination Bring activities systematically into proper o Health promotion and education training relation or harmony with each other. o Research Actively involved both socially and politically to empower individuals, families, and communities MANAGEMENT FUNCTION Establishes linkages and collaborative In whatever setting and role has been trained to relationships with other health professionals, lead and manage. GOs, NGOs, peoples organizations to address Objective set for work being done an only be health problems. achieved through the execution of the 5 management functions of: HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION FUNCTION o Planning Activities goes beyond health teachings and o Organizing health information campaigns. o Staffing Understand that health is determined by various o Directing factors such as: o Controlling o Physical Organizes the “nursing service” of the local o Political environment Organizes the “nursing service” of the local health o Socio economic status agency. o Personal coping skills Managing the nurses and their activities. o Many other circumstances Responsible for the delivery of the package of the As an educator, the nurse provides clients with services provided by the program to the target information to make healthier choices and clientele. practices. SUPERVISORY FUNCTION TRAINING FUNCTION Supervisor of the midwives and other auxiliary Initiates the formation of staff development and health workers in the catchment area. training programs for midwives and other Report of the encounter is given to the supervisee auxiliary works. and kept in her personal file for future reference. Does evaluation of training Participates in the training of nursing and COACHING midwifery affiliates in coordination with the Enhancement of training for the supervisee. faculty of the college of nursing and midwifery. NURSING FUNCTION An inherent function of the nurse. Her practice as a nurse is based on the science and art of caring. Caring for an individuals, families, and communities towards health promotion and disease prevention Provide nursing care MAGNO 6  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE 1906 PHILIPPINES Creation of the Bureau of Health PRE–SPANISH ERA No records 1912 The President of the Sanitary Division SPANISH REGIME (1591–1898) (forerunners of the present Municipal Health BRO. JUAN CLEMENTE Officers) took charge of two or three Franciscan Friar municipalities. Started public health services through Where there were no physicians available, male dispensary in Intramuros. nurses were assigned to perform the duties of the President, Sanitary Division. JUAN DE PEREGRO In the same year the Philippine General Hospital, Dominican Father then under the Bureau of Health sent four nurses Started water sanitation to Cebu to take care of mothers and their babies. The St. Paul’s Hospital School of Nursing in DR. FRANCISCO DE BALMIS Intramuros, also assigned two nurses to do home Introduced smallpox vaccine visiting in Manila and gave nursing care to Creation of position of district, provincial and mothers and newborn babies from the outpatient national health officers. obstetrical service of the Philippine General Hospital. 1878 First medicus titulares was appointed by the FAJARDO ACT (ACT #2156) Spanish government. It created Sanitary Divisions. They worked as provincial health officers. A 2-year course consisting of fundamental 1914 medical and dental subjects was first offered in School nursing was rendered by a nurse UST in 1888. employed by the Bureau of Health in Tacloban, Leyte. CIRUJANOS MINISTRANTES Graduates of this course known as cirujanos REORGANIZATION ACT NO. 2462 ministrantes served as male nurses and In the same year, Reorganization Act No. 2462 sanitation inspectors. created the Office of General Inspection. AMERICAN REGIME (1898–1942) DR. ROSARIO PASTOR 1898 The Office of District Nursing was organized Creation of the Board of Health for Physician. under this Office was headed by a lady physician, Dr. Rosario Pastor who was also a nurse. 1899 This Office was created due to increasing Appointment of the 1st Commissioner of Health. demands for nurses to work outside the hospital, and the need for direction, supervision, and 1901 guidance of public health nurses. ACT #157 Act #157 of the Philippine Commission created a MRS. CASILANG EUSTAQUIO & Board of Health for the City of Manila. MRS. MATILDE AZURIN Two graduate Filipino nurses, Mrs. Casilang ACT #309 Eustaquio and Mrs. Matilde Azurin were Subsequently, Act #309 created Provincial Health employed for Maternal and Child Health and and Municipal Board of Health. Sanitation in Manila under an American nurse, Mrs. G. D. Schudder. 1905 LA GOTA DE LECHE 1915 The Asociacion Feminista Filipina founded La Bureau of health renamed Phil. Health Services Gota de Leche the first center dedicated to the with a Director Health as its head. service of mothers and children. MAGNO 7  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES 1916–1918 1928 MRS. PERLITA CLARK 1st nurse’s convention was held followed by Ms. Perlita Clark took charge of the public health yearly conventions until the advent of WWII. nursing work but abolish due to lack of funds in Pre-service training was initiated as a pre- 1918. requisite for appointment. 1917 1930 Four graduate nurses paid by the City of Manila Section of Public Nursing was converted into were employed to work in the City Schools. Section of Nursing due to pressing need for guidance in hospital and nursing education. 1919 1933 MS. BALBINA BASA By virtue of the Reorganization Act # 4007, the PHNs inaugurated its pioneer work in Tondo, Division of Maternal and Child Health of the Office Manila, when a visiting nurse Ms. Balbina Basa of the Public Welfare Commission was was assigned to make a house-to-house visit, transferred to the Bureau of Health. hold clinic and dispensary work with especial emphasis on maternal and childcare. MRS. SOLEDAD BUENAFE MISS CARMEN DEL ROSARIO Became the Assistant Chief Nurse of the Section of Nursing, Bureau of Health. At the same year, the first Filipino nurse 176 puericulture nurses assigned in Manila and supervisor under the Bureau of Health, Miss provinces since 1919. Carmen del Rosario was appointed. She succeeded Miss Mabel Dabbs. PUERICULTURE CENTERS She had a staff of 84 public health nurses assigned in five health stations. Semi government agencies partly financed by There was a gradual increase of public health private funds and aided by the government nurses and expansion of services. Maternal and child health service is offered and were under the supervision of the Office of the 1923 Public Welfare Commission until the effect of 90 PHNs assigned in different provinces. Reorganization Act of 1933. Establishment of 2 government Schools of Nursing in Mindanao and Baguio General 1935 Hospital in Northern Luzon, primarily intended to Through the efforts of Major George Dunham, train non-Christian women and prepare them to (med’l adviser to the Gov. Gen., appropriated render nursing service among their people. funds for 133 positions of PHNs for community Years after, 4 additional schools were assignment w/high IMR, and 23 nurse established: supervisors to supervise the work in the o 1 in Quezon Province provinces and 60 nurses including chief nurses o 1 in Cebu for the 4 newly created community health and o 1 in Bohol social centers in different districts in Manila. o 1 in Leyte 1940 1927 DOH and Welfare was created, were 6 of the PHNs The Office of District Nursing under the office of of the Bureau of Health were transferred in 1941. General Inspection, Philippine Health Service This formed the nucleus of the present Division of was abolished and supplanted by the Section of Nursing of the Manila Health Department created Public Health Nursing. by virtue of the charter of the City of Manila. MRS. GENERA DE GUZMAN Mrs. Genera de Guzman acted as consultant to the Director of Health on nursing matters. MAGNO 8  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES JAPANESE REGIME (1942-1945) FOR NURSING EDUCATION Public Health Nursing services were interrupted. Miss Annie Sand for Nursing Education DECEMBER 8, 1941 FOR PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING PHNs were assigned in devastated areas to attend to the sick and wounded civilians caused Mrs. Magdalena C. Valenzuela for Public Health by bombing. Nursing 12 emergency units were organized. 1 of them was sent to Bataan to attend to the sick FOR STAFF EDUCATION and wounded w/c were left by the retreating Mrs. Patrocinio J. Montellano for Staff Education forces of general Douglas MacArthur. 1948 JUNE 1942 The first training Center of the Bureau of Health Group of PHNs w/ physicians and administrators was organized in cooperation with the Pasay City of the Manila Health Department went to the Health Department. interment camp in Capaz Tarlac to receive sick prisoners of war released by the Japanese army. 1953 They are confined at San Lazaro Hospital and 68 The Office of Health Education and Personnel national PHNs were assigned to help the hospital Training was created: staff take care of them. 31 nurses were taken prisoners of war during the DR. TRINIDAD GOMEZ Japanese occupation at the Bilibid Prisons in Dr. Trinidad Gomez as Chief. Azcarraga and were released July 22, 1942, to the Nurse Instructors: Director of the Bureau of Health Dr. Eusebio o Ms. Zenaida Panlilio Aguilar who acted as their guarantor. o Ms. Leonora Liwanag o Mrs. Venancia Cabanos FEBRUARY 1946 o Mrs. Damasa Torrejon After the WWII, the Bureau of Health showed the increased number of PHNs as compared to MAY 18, 1954 record during pre-war. RA 1082 (RURAL HEALTH UNIT ACT) In the same year Mrs. Genera de Guzman, technical assistant in the nursing of the Ministry RA 1082 (Rural Health Unit Act) was passed, of Health and concurrent President of the Filipino implemented in July as of the same year provided Nurses Association recommended the creation of for the employment of health personnel, including a nursing office in the Ministry of health. nurses, who would man the RHU’s, and help raised the conditions of the rural health ERA OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES population. (1946 TO PRESENT) 1947 JUNE 1957 Reorganization of government offices under RA 1891 Executive Order # 94, s 1947 w/ the transfer of the An Act Strengthening Health and Dental Services Bureau of Public Welfare to the Office of the in the Rural Areas and providing Fund thereof was President and the Department was renamed approved. Department of Health (DOH). Created 8 categories of Rural Health Units Under this set-up were the following: corresponding to 8 population groups to be o Office of the Secretary served. o Bureau of Health o Bureau of Hospitals 1975 o All city Health Departments Formulation of national Health Plan and The Nursing Division was placed directly under Restructured Health Care Delivery System. the Secretary of Health so that nursing services can be availed of by the different bureaus and 1982 units to help carry out their health programs. EXECUTIVE ORDER #851 On December 16, 1947, Mrs. Genara de Guzman Under EO #851, the Health education and was appointed as Chief of the Division, with three manpower Development Service was created, Assistants: and the Bureau of Food and Drugs assumed the function of the FDA. MAGNO 9  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES 1986 1999 The Ministry of Health became DOH again. Creation of the National Health Plan Committees (NHPC) and he establishment of Inter Local 1987 Health Zones (ILHZ) throughout the country Another reorganization under EO # 851, which through EO 205. placed under the secretary of Health five officers This promotes, encourages, and ensures the full headed by an under secretary and assistant and integration of delivery and development of secretary. healthcare services throughout the country. THE EXPANDED PROGRAM ON MAY 24, 1999 IMMUNIZATION and THE NATIONAL DRUG EO 102 was signed by Pres. Estrada redirecting the functions and operations of the DOH, wherein POLICY most of the nursing positions of the Central The implementation of Generics Law of 1988 were Office were either transferred or devolved to other subsequently given importance. offices and services. 1991 1999–2004 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF 1991 The Health Sector Reform Agenda of Agenda of RA 7160 was passed and implemented. the Philippines was launched. The power to decide in public health. The reforms are to provide fiscal autonomous to government hospital, secure funding for priority 1992 health programs and expand coverage of the Full Implementation of the Local Government National Health Insurance Program. Code. Significant change: 2005 o Branching out of the Office of the Public The DOH launched FOURmula One for Health to Health Service to form the Office for Hospital ensure speed, precision, and effective Facilities, Standards and Regulation. coordination towards improving the efficiency, Special projects were highlighted like the: effectiveness, and equity of Health care Delivery. o National Immunization Days (NID) o National Micronutrient Campaign (Araw ng ROLES OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE Sangkap Pinoy) CLINICIAN or HEALTH CARE PROVIDER o Disaster Management Utilizes the nursing process in the care of the o Urban Health and Nutrition Project client in the home setting through home visits o Traditional Medicine and in public or government health facilities. Doctors to the Barrios Program. “Let’s DOH it” became a national battle cry. TEACHER Utilizes teaching skills to improve the health 1993–1998 knowledge, skills and attitudes of the individual, The National League of Philippine Government family and community and conducts health Nurses Inc. an organization of government information campaigns to various groups for the nurses as members through its officers. purpose of health promotion and disease Board Members and Advisers made repeated prevention. representations with the incumbent Secretary of Health to create an office of nursing. COORDINATOR AND COLLABORATOR The aim is to get people to work together in order 1996 to address problems or concerns that affects Primary Health care as a strategy to attain Health them. for all by the year 2000 was in focused. Establishes linkages and collaborative relationships with other health professionals, 1997 government agencies, private sector to address A year where most devolution concerns have health problems. been partially or fully resolved. Continuous networking with the LGUs and private sectors to assure the health programs were implemented with the fullest efficiency and effectiveness. MAGNO 10  TOPIC 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING IN THE PHILIPPINES MANAGER / SUPERVISOR RESEARCHER Monitors and supervises the performance of Participates in the conduct of research and midwives, and other auxiliary health workers. utilizes findings in practice. Conducts meetings to different RHMs and gives feedback on accomplishments. COMMUNITY ORGANIZER Also initiates the formulation of staff Responsible for motivating and enhancing development and training programs for the staff community participation in terms of planning, and other auxiliary health workers interprets and organizing, implementing, and evaluating health implement program policies, memoranda, and programs/services. circulars. Initiates and participates in community Organizes work force, resources, equipment and development activities. supplies and delivery of health care at local levels. COMMUNITY LEADER Being a leader, role model and respected in the LEADER AND CHANGE AGENT community, the CHN is in a better position to Influences people to participate in the overall empower others. process of community development. EMPOWERMENT HEALTH EDUCATOR / TRAINER It is giving influence to others, for a purpose of Identifies and interprets training needs of RHMs, personal and organization growth. BHWs/Volunteers and Hilots. Formulates/designs appropriate training programs. Provides and arranges training and learning experiences of nursing and midwife affiliates. Conducts trainings for health personnel. Acts as resource speaker on health and health related services as the need arises. Participates in the development and distribution of IEC materials. HEALTH PLANNER / PROGRAMMER Identifies needs, priorities and problems of individuals, families, and communities. Responsible for the formulation of the municipal health plan. Provides technical assistance to RHMs in health matters. EPIDEMIOLOGIST Uses epidemiological method to study diseases and health among population groups and to deal with community-wide health problems. Collects data on health problems and care. RECORDER / REPORTER / STATISTICIAN Prepares and submits required records and reports. Review, validates, consolidates, analyzes, and interprets all records and reports. Maintain adequate, accurate, and complete recording and reporting. MAGNO 11