CHN Lec Prelim PDF

Distribution of this document without the ownerʼs knowledge would lead to a 5.0 grade in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim...

Distribution of this document without the ownerʼs knowledge would lead to a 5.0 grade in Major Courses. BSN-2 | Transcribed by Van Jacquelyn R. Mabilin CHN-1 TRANSES Prelim Supplemental Rdgs. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable 7. Ensure environmental sustainability Development Goals (SDGs) represent two distinct frameworks established by the o Integrate sustainable development principles into country policies and United Nations to address global challenges, particularly in the areas of poverty, health, programs, and halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to education, and environmental sustainability. safe drinking water and basic sanitation. 8. Develop a global partnership for development Overview of MDGs and SDGs o Address the needs of the least developed countries and develop a global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) partnership for development, including trade and debt relief Established: 2000 Target Year: 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Number of Goals: 8 Established: 2015 Number of Targets: 21 Target Year: 2030 Focus: Primarily on developing countries, aiming to reduce extreme poverty and Number of Goals: 17 improve health and education. Number of Targets: 169 Creation Process: Formulated by a small group of experts with limited stakeholder Focus: Universal applicability to all countries, addressing a broad range of issues input. including poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace, The Goals and justice. 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Creation Process: Developed through an extensive consultative process involving o Target to halve the proportion of people living on less than $1.25 a day and multiple stakeholders, including governments, civil society, and the private sector. achieve food security. 2. Achieve universal primary education The Goals o Ensure that all children complete a full course of primary schooling. 1. No Poverty: End poverty in all its forms everywhere. 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 2. Zero Hunger: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote o Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education. sustainable agriculture. 4. Reduce child mortality 3. Good Health and Well-being: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at o Reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds. all ages. 5. Improve maternal health 4. Quality Education: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote o Reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three-quarters and achieve universal lifelong learning opportunities for all. access to reproductive health. 5. Gender Equality: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 6. Clean Water and Sanitation: Ensure availability and sustainable management of o Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS and achieve universal access water and sanitation for all. to treatment for those in need. 7. ARordable and Clean Energy: Ensure access to aYordable, reliable, sustainable, o MDGs primarily targeted developing countries, often viewing them as and modern energy for all. recipients of aid from wealthier nations. In contrast, SDGs apply to all 8. Decent Work and Economic Growth: Promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable countries, promoting a shared responsibility for sustainable development economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. across all levels of economic development. 9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Build resilient infrastructure, promote 4. Implementation and Monitoring: inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation. o The MDGs were criticized for their top-down approach and lack of local 10. Reduced Inequality: Reduce inequality within and among countries. engagement. The SDGs emphasize local ownership and participation, 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities: Make cities and human settlements recognizing the importance of local governments and communities in inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. achieving the goals. 12. Responsible Consumption and Production: Ensure sustainable consumption and 5. Environmental Sustainability: production patterns. o While the MDGs included environmental sustainability as one of their goals, 13. Climate Action: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. the SDGs integrate environmental considerations across all goals, reflecting 14. Life Below Water: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine a holistic understanding of sustainable development as interconnected with resources for sustainable development. social and economic factors. 15. Life on Land: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial 6. Indicators: ecosystems, manage forests sustainably, combat desertification, and halt o The MDGs had 60 indicators to measure progress, while the SDGs have 232 biodiversity loss. indicators, allowing for more nuanced tracking of development across 16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies various dimensions. for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build eYective, 7. Focus on Inequality: accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels. o The SDGs explicitly address inequalities and aim to "leave no one behind," 17. Partnerships for the Goals: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize focusing on the needs of the most marginalized populations, whereas the the global partnership for sustainable development MDGs had a narrower focus on aggregate poverty reduction. In the Philippines, the transition from the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to Key DiRerences the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) reflects a significant shift in focus and 1. Scope and Ambition: ambition regarding national development and global cooperation. o MDGs focused mainly on basic needs in developing countries, while SDGs encompass a broader range of issues aYecting all countries, Progress and Achievements including developed nations. The SDGs aim for a more comprehensive approach to development, integrating social, economic, and environmental Current Status: As of 2023, the Philippines has achieved only one SDG: SDG 12, dimensions. which pertains to sustainable consumption and production patterns. This indicates 2. Goals and Targets: a significant challenge in meeting the broader set of goals established by the SDGs, o The MDGs consisted of 8 goals and 21 targets, whereas the SDGs expanded which encompass a wide array of social, economic, and environmental issues. this to 17 goals and 169 targets, reflecting a more ambitious agenda that includes issues like climate action, sustainable cities, and responsible Ranking: The Philippines ranks 95th out of 163 countries in terms of SDG progress, consumption. with an overall score of 66.64 out of 100. This ranking highlights the substantial 3. Inclusivity: challenges the country faces in achieving several SDGs, particularly those related to  poverty reduction, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, aYordable energy, sustainable cities, and partnerships for the goals. Quiz Reviewer Challenges Faced Impact of COVID-19: The pandemic has reversed many of the gains previously made in areas such as poverty alleviation and health, further complicating the Philippines' eYorts to meet the SDGs. The country is currently grappling with significant obstacles in achieving various goals, including SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 5 (Gender Equality), and SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation). Data and Monitoring Issues: The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) has been tasked with monitoring progress towards the SDGs, but challenges such as insuYicient data and asynchronous reference periods complicate the assessment of progress. For example, as of 2022, several SDGs were reported as having insuYicient data or were not monitored at all. Recommendations for Improvement Mainstreaming SDGs: It is crucial to integrate the SDGs into local development plans, ensuring that they guide decision-making processes at all levels of government. Collaboration: Engaging with the private sector and international networks is vital for driving innovation and investment, which can complement government eYorts in achieving the SDGs. Community Involvement: Active participation from local communities and youth is essential. Their insights and contributions can significantly enhance the localization of the SDGs, making development eYorts more eYective and inclusive. Focus on Prioritized Goals: Identifying specific local government units that require targeted interventions can help concentrate eYorts and resources where they are most needed, particularly in areas experiencing high levels of poverty and hunger