CHN Group 2 Report PDF

GROUP 2 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND NCD PREVENTION PROGRAMS  PRE TEST 1. This refers to a group of conditions that are not 3. Is the study of all factors in man’s mainly caused by an acute infection, results in physical environment,...

GROUP 2 NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND NCD PREVENTION PROGRAMS  PRE TEST 1. This refers to a group of conditions that are not 3. Is the study of all factors in man’s mainly caused by an acute infection, results in physical environment, which may have long-term health consequences and often create a deleterious effect on his health or need for long-term treatment and care. wellbeing and survival. a. Communicable Diseases a. Environmental Sanitation b. Non-communicable Diseases b. Environmental Health c. Cardiovascular Disease d. Chronic Respiratory Disease 4. 4 facets of Mental Health Problems, except; 2. A lifestyle which includes activities and habits a. Future burden that encourage the development of total physical, b. Undefined burden mental, and spiritual fitness, and which reduces c. Defined burden the risk of major illness. d. Unhidden burden a. Physical Activity b. Practicing proper nutrition c. Healthy Lifestyle d. Healthy Environment  PRE TEST 5. What is the Republic Act Number of 7. What is a NCD program that has the Antirabies act? vision of “Healthy and empowered a. RA 9482 Filipinos by the year 2010- with reduced b. RA 9481 mortality and morbidity from kidney c. RA 9582 diseases and their sequelae”. d. RA 9581 a. National Blood Donation Program b. Herbal Medicine 6. What is a NCD program that has the vision c. National Prevention of Blindness Program of “All Filipinos enjoy the right to sight by d. Renal Disease Control Program 2020”. (REDCOP) a. National Blood Donation Program b. Herbal Medicine 8 - 10. What is the difference between c. National Prevention of Blindness Program communicable disease and non d. Renal Disease Control Program (REDCOP) communicable disease? Give at least 1-2 sentences.  TABLE OF CONTENTS Non Communicable Diseases NCD Prevention Programs A. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention of Blindness Program B. Cancer REDCOP C. Diabetes Mellitus Community Rehab Program D. Bronchial Asthma Mental Health Program Environmental, Health and Sanitation Healthy Lifestyle Botika sa Barangay A. Physical Activity National Voluntary Blood Donation Program B. Smoke Free Sentrong Sigla C. Stress Free Herbal Meds Health Emergency Preparedness and Respond Program Antirabies Act  NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Non-communicable diseases are diseases that are not spread through infection or through other people, but are typically caused by unhealthy behaviors. They are the leading cause of death worldwide and present a huge threat to health and development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.  OVERVIEW Risk factor Modifiable behavior These diseases are driven by forces that include Modifiable behaviours, such as rapid unplanned urbanization, globalization of tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy lifestyles and population aging. unhealthy diet and the harmful use of Unhealthy diets and a lack of physical activity may show up in people as raised blood pressure, alcohol, all increase the risk of NCDs. increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids and obesity. Metabolic Environmental Metabolic risk factors contribute to four key Several environmental risk factors contribute metabolic changes that increase the risk of NCDs: to NCDs. Air pollution is the largest of these, raised blood pressure; accounting for 6.7 million deaths globally, of overweight/obesity; which about 5.7 million are due to NCDs, hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels); including stroke, ischaemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.  Four types of non-communicable diseases account for over two thirds of deaths globally: CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETES DISEASES MELLITUS CANCER CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASES a. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 1. HYPERTENSIVE 2. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE / ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE 3. CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT / STROKE  Hypertensive heart disease is a long-term condition 1. Hypertensive that develops over many years in people who have high blood pressure. Key Areas of Prevention Risk Factors Encourage proper nutrition F Family History A Advancing Age R Prevent becoming obese Race High Salt Intake S Obesity and excessive O Alcohol Intake Smoking Cessation A Identify people with risk factors and encourage regular check ups for possible Hypertension and modification of risk 2. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE / ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE Atherosclerosis - thickening of the walls of arteries due to fat deposits. Atherosclerosis usually occurs when there is high levels of cholesterol. Risk Factors Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, Physical Inactivity Elevated Blood Lipids (LDL) Smoking or tobacco use 2. CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE / ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE Key Areas of Prevention Encourage physical activity and Advise smoking cessation. regular exercise Promote smoke-free environment Encourage proper nutrition by limiting intake of saturated fats, Early diagnosis and salt intake and increase dietary prompt treatment of fiber, fruits and unrefined cereals Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. Maintain body weight and prevent obesity 3. CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT / STROKE Risk Factors Etiology Increasing Age Atherosclerosis Sex Hypertension Family History Aneurysms Hypertension Trauma Cigarette smoking Erosion of bv due to tumors Diabetes Mellitus Heart disease Socio-economic factor Season and Climate IV drug abuse Alcohol 3. CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT / STROKE Key Areas of Prevention Treatment and control of Limit alcohol consumption Hypertension Smoking cessation Avoid IV drug abuse and cocaine Prevent thrombus formation Prevent all other risk factors of atherosclerosis B. CAncer  Causes of Cancer Heredity Normal cells transform Carcinogens: Polycyclic into cancer cells because of Hydrocarbons, Aflatoxin, damage to DNA (inherited). Benzoprene, Nitrosamines, Radiation and Viruses  Key Areas of Prevention Smoking cessation Control obesity Encourage proper Early diagnosis and nutrition treatment Drink alcoholic beverages in moderation C. DIABETES MELLITUS  DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes is a chronic, metabolic disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose Diabetes takes two primary (or blood sugar), forms: type I (previously called which leads over time to serious insulin-dependent diabetes damage to the heart, blood vessels, mellitus) and the more common eyes, kidneys and nerves. type 2 (previously called non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). Risk factors DIABETES PREVENTION  D. CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE CHRONIC RESPIRATORY DISEASE Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) affect the airways and other structures of the lungs. Some of the most common are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, occupational lung diseases and pulmonary hypertension.  COMMON CRD COPD ASTHMA Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Asthma is a condition in which your (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung airways narrow and swell and may disease that causes obstructed airflow from produce extra mucus. This can make the lungs. Symptoms include breathing breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production whistling sound (wheezing) when you and wheezing. breathe out and shortness of breath. PULMONARY HYPERTENSION Pulmonary hypertension is a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart. In one form of pulmonary hypertension, called pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), blood vessels in the lungs are narrowed, blocked or destroyed. RISK FACTORS OF CRD Risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases include tobacco smoking (including second-hand smoke), air pollution, allergens and occupational risks. Outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution (often caused by cooking with solid fuels) are also common causes. PREVENTION STOP SMOKING PROPER NUTRITION MAINTAIN HEALTHY WEIGHT promoting physical activity Minimum amount of physical activity required for health Benefits At least 30mins cumulative of moderate intensity most days of the week At least 30mins cumulative of vigorous intensity 3 or more days of the week Promoting Proper Nutrion Roles of PHN Nutrition assessment Nutrition education and counseling Promoting supportive envt for healthy nutrition Encourage food gardens Campaign for nutrition friendly envt Advocate for healthy policies promoting smoke free environment Smoking: a serious problem How smoking causes harm? Harmful substances/ chemicals in tobacco roles of phn Assisting smoker to quit Ask Advise to stop because it can cause disease and even death Assist Arrange follow up Education and legislation (taxation) Building anti-tobacco coalition Promoting Stress Management Program for the Prevention and Control of Other Non- Communicable Disease NATIONAL PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS PROGRAM vission: 2020 mission The Right to Sight as Strengthen partnerships to global partnership b/w eliminate avoidable blindness WHO and Intl Agency for Empowerment of communities to prevention of take proactive roles Provide access to quality eye care blindness Work towards poverty alleviation through preservation and restoration of sight to indigent Filipinos. general objectives Increase cataract surgical rate from 730 to 2,500 by the year 2010. Reduce Visual impairment due to refractive errors by 10% by 2010. Reduce the prevalence of visual disability in children from 0.43% to 0.20% in 2010.  Renal Disease Control Program (REDCOP)  History June 1994: Preventive January 2000: PNP was Nephrology project with the renamed through Memo No NKTI as the implementing 67-D from the DOH agency Kidney diseases ranks as no. 10 killer in the Philippines, causing death to 7,000 Filipinos everyyear Healthy and empowered Filipinos by the year 2010- with reduced mortality and morbidity from kidney diseases and their sequelae. common kidney disease Chronic glomerulonephritis Diabetic Kidney Disease Hypertensive kidney Disease Pyelonephritis ESRD  Community-Based Rehabilitation Program Is a creative application of the primary health care approach in rehabilitation for persons with disabilities  WHO: 10% of the population of developing and under developed countries is physically disabled There are 96 rehabilitation centers concentrated in major cities/urban areas Persons with disabilities are found in rural areas In 1997, there were 549,062 PWDs Mental Health and Mental Disorders SUB PROGRAMS WELLNESS OF DAILY LIVING EXTREME LIFE EXPERIENCE MENTAL DISORDER SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND OTHER FORM OF ADDICTION  Goal: Improvement of quality of life and productivity of PWDs Objective: Reduce the prevalence of disability through prevention, early detection, and provision of rehabilitation Program Components: –Social preparation –Services preparation –Training –Information, Education and Communication –Monitoring, supervision and Evaluation  LAW RA 7277 RA 9442 Otherwise known as the Magna Carta “An act providing for the Rehabilitation for Disabled Persons, and For Other and Self-Reliance of Disabled Persons Purposes' Granting Additional and Their Integration to the Mainstream Privileges and Incentives and of Society and Other Purposes granting Prohibitions on Verbal, Non-verbal Additional Privileges and Incentives and Ridicule and Vilification Against Prohibitions on Verbal, Non-Verbal Ridicule and Vilification Against Persons Persons with Disability. with Disability,”  4 facets of Mental Health Problems Defined burden- burden currently affecting a persons with mental Hidden burden- associated with disorder (quality of life) stigma and human rights violation. Undefined burden-refers to Future burden-expected economic and social burden for materialize in the future families and communities. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH & SANITATION ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH  Preventive Strategies Based on the Triad 1.Change the people’s behavior 2.Manipulate the environment to manipulate the environment to prevent production or and reduce their exposure to presence of disease agents disease agents 3.Increase man’s resistance or immunity to disease agents Environmental Sanitation Is the study of all factors in man’s physical environment, which may have deleterious effect on his health or wellbeing and survival Factors: H2O sanitation Food sanitation Refuse and garbage disposal Insect vector and rodent control Housing Air pollution Noise pollution Radiological protection Institutional sanitation  Major Environmental Health and Sanitation Program Health and Sanitation : Requiring small amount of h2o to flush Water supply Sanitation program the waste into a receiving space –Level I or Point Source 15-25 hh; –Level II: on site facilities of the h2o –Level II or the Communal faucet ave. of 100; carriage type with h2o sealed and flush –Level III or the Waterworks system or type Individual House connections –Level III: connected to septic tank and/or Proper Excreta and Sewage Disposal sewerage system to tx plant Program Food Sanitation Program –Level I Hospital Waste Management Program : Non-H2O carriage facility: –Level I or Point Source 15-25 hh; –Level II or the Communal faucet ave. of 100; –Level III or the Waterworks system or individual House connections Level III: connected to septic tank Proper Excreta and Sewage Level II: on site facilities of the h2o and/or sewerage system to tx plant carriage type with h2o sealed and flush Disposal Program Level I type BOTIKA SA BARANGAY  BOTIKA SA BARANGAY Aims to provide affordable medicines and healthcare access to residents, particularly in remote areas. Focuses on making essential medicines more accessible to communities by stocking barangay health stations with necessary medications. This program is designed to address the need for low-cost drugs and equitable healthcare services in underserved areas.  BOTIKA SA BARANGAY Affordable Medicines: The program offers low-cost and high-quality medicines to the local population, including generic over-the-counter (OTC) drugs and prescription medications. Equitable Healthcare Access: By establishing these community-based pharmacies, the Botika sa Barangay program aims to ensure that even residents in remote barangays have access to essential medicines and healthcare services.  BOTIKA SA BARANGAY Training: The initiative includes training components for personnel managing these barangay health stations to ensure proper handling of medications, stock replenishment procedures, and adherence to guidelines for rational drug use. Cheaper Medications: Through the program, residents can access medications at more affordable prices compared to traditional pharmacies or healthcare facilities.  BOTIKA SA BARANGAY Government Support: Local government units (LGUs) play a crucial role in supporting the implementation of the Botika sa Barangay program by overseeing stock replenishment, supplier accreditation, price determination, fund management, and project monitoring. Health Impact: Studies have shown that the availability of affordable medicines through Botika sa Barangay has positively impacted family living  BOTIKA SA BARANGAY standards by reducing health expenditures and increasing savings for households. This has also been associated with improvements in life expectancy and reductions in infant mortality rates. NATIONAL VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION PROGRAM  NATIONAL VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION LEGAL BASIS PR0GRAM VISION: -Envision a network of modernized national and regional blood centers operating on a voluntary and non remunerated blood donation system Objectives: –To promote and encourage voluntary blood donation by the citizenry and to instill public consciousness of the principle is a humanitarian act. –To provide adequate, safe, affordable supply of blood and blood products –To mobilize all sectors to participate  NATIONAL VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION PR0GRAM Agencies in charged: DOH, PNRC, PBCC Qualifications of Donors Steps on how to donate in BCU Storage of blood donated: 4-5 wks (whole blood and red cell concentrates) and Plasma can be stored frozen for 1 yr. After donating blood –Keep on eye on the dressing –Avoid carrying heavy objects –Do not smoke –Eat meals and increase fluid intake List of walking blood donors in the RHU  sentrong sigla movement The Sentrong Sigla Movement is a joint project between the Department of Health and local government units that aims to certify health centers that meet quality standards. It uses a certification program and continuous quality improvement strategies. The quality standards cover systems for outpatient care and public services, graded into three levels. The goal is to improve collaboration between the DOH and LGUs to provide quality health services and facilities. 4 pillars quality insurance grans and technical assistance health promotion award  1. Expanded Programme of Immunization ( EPI)-was established in 1976 to ensure that infants/children and mothers have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood vaccines. PROGRAMS Programs 2. Disease Surveillance- Disease surveillance data serves as the basis for the detection of potential outbreaks for an early warning system to prevent what could become public health emergencies 3. Control of Acute Respiratory Infections(CARI)- The Philippine Control of Acute Respiratory Infections program (Phil-CARI) was launched in 1989, focusing on child immunization, diarrheal diseases, and drug-use. It trained over 80% of healthcare providers, but faced challenges in training quality, follow-up, and supervision. The program provides lessons for sustainable approaches to meet the demands of a nationwide ARI control program. 4. Community Driven Development (CDD)- approaches aim to empower people in poverty by putting investments and responsibility for decision making in their hands. 5. Family Planning (FP)- is a national mandated priority public health program to attain the country’s national health development for the improvement of the health and welfare of mothers, children, and other members of the family. It also provides information and services for the couples of reproductive age to plan their family according to their beliefs and circumstances through legally and medically acceptable family planning methods.  6. STD/AIDS- prevention and control program services should be availble in all STD service facilities. PROGRAMS Whenever possible, acceptable, affordable and effective case management of STD patients will be made accessible to all individuals. Programs Syndromic management will be applied when and where reliable laboratory diagnostic support is not consistently available. 7. environment, health, and safety (EHS)- while HSE stands for health, safety, and environment. The main difference is that EHS includes a wider range of issues, such as workplace safety and exposure to hazardous materials. HSE focuses specifically on health and safety issues. 8. Cancer Control- The RHU/HC should mandate annual pelvic exams and pap smears for all women of reproductive age, with clients referred to higher levels for abnormal smears. Staff should educate patients about risk factors for cervical cancer, and be trained to perform pap smears and collect specimens. 9. Micrconutrient Supplements- The RHU/HC should have necessary equipment to prevent and control nutritional deficiencies and micronutrient disorders, provide iron, iodized oil, and vitamin A capsules for target groups, and refer clients needing further treatment to higher-level facilities. 10.Health Literacy (HL). It refers to the level of knowledge and understanding individuals have about health-related information and services. In the context of the Sentrong Sigla Movement in the Philippines, HL plays a crucial role in ensuring that individuals can access, understand, and utilize the healthcare services provided by certified primary health care facilities HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PROGRAM  HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PROGRAM PD 1566 (1978) Creation of the NDCC, Multi-level Organizations, funding of 2% reserve for calamites RA 7160 DOH ADM. ORDER NO.6 S. 1999  HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PROGRAM PD 1566 (1978) Creation of the NDCC, Multi-level Organizations, funding of 2% reserve for calamites RA 7160 DOH ADM. ORDER NO.6 S. 1999 DEFINITION OF TERMS Disaster: is a serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing wide spread losseshuman, material or environmental) which exceed the ability to cope using only its own resources Emergency: Occurrence requiring immediate response Hazards: Phenomenon which has potential to cause disruption Risk: level of loss/damage that could be predicted ( Susceptibility&Vulnerability)  RA 9482: Anti Rabies Act 1. Pet Owners who fail or refuse to have their Dog registered and immunized against Rabies shall be punished by a fine of Two thousand pesos (P2,000.00). 2. Pet Owners who refuse to have their Dog vaccinated against Rabies shall be liable to pay for the vaccination of both the Dog and the individuals Bitten by their Dog. 3. Pet Owners who refuse to have their Dog put under observation after said Dog has Bitten an individual shall be meted a fine of Ten thousand pesos (P10,000.00). 4. Pet Owners who refuse to have their Dog put under observation and do not shoulder the medical expenses of the person Bitten by their Dog shall be meted a fine of Twenty-five thousand pesos (P25,000.00). 5. Pet Owners who refuse to put leash on their Dogs when they are brought outside the house shall be meted a fine of Five hundred pesos (P500.00) for each incident.  RA 9482: Anti Rabies Act 6. An impounded Dog shall be released to its Owner upon payment of a fine of not less than Five hundred pesos (P500.00) but not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00). 7. Any person found guilty of trading Dog for meat shall be fined not less than Five thousand pesos,(P5,000.00) per Dog and subjected to imprisonment for one to four years. 8. Any person found guilty of using electrocution as a method of euthanasia shall be fined not less than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) per act and subject to imprisonment for one to four years. 9. If the violation is committed by an alien, he or she shall be immediately deported after service of sentence without any further proceedings.  HERBAL MEDICINE Republic Act No. 8423 December 9, 1997 AN ACT CREATING THE PHILIPPINE INSTITUTE OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE (PITAHC) TO ACCELERATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE IN THE PHILIPPINES, PROVIDING FOR A TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE DEVELOPMENT FUND AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES HERBAL MEDICINE THANK YOU FOR LISTENING! Please prepare 1/4 for post test! :) POST TEST 1-5. Give at least 5 NCD prevention program 6-9. What are the 4 types of Non communicable disease that account for over 2/3 of deaths globally? 10-12. What are the 3 healthy lifestyles? 13-15. What are the 3 types of Cardiovascular disease?  ANSWER KEYS PRE TEST 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. Communicable diseases are often transmitted from person to person. On the other hand, non- communicable diseases are not typically spread from one person to another.  ANSWER KEYS POST TEST 1 - 5. Any of the following: Prevention of Blindness Program REDCOP Community Rehab Program Environmental, Health and Sanitation Botika sa Barangay National Voluntary Blood Donation Program Sentrong Sigla Herbal Meds Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Program Anti Rabies Act  ANSWER KEYS POST TEST 6 - 9 In any order: Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Respiratory Disease 10 - 12. In any order: Physical Activity Smoke Free Stress Free 13 - 15. In any order: Hypertensive CVA / Stroke CAD / Ischemic Heart Disease