Animal Cell Organelles & Functions PDF

Animal Cell: Organelles, Function, Biomolecular Makeup Prof JULITO A. AGUDONG  ORGANELLES IN THE ANIMAL CELL Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Unlike the eukaryotic cells of plants an...

Animal Cell: Organelles, Function, Biomolecular Makeup Prof JULITO A. AGUDONG  ORGANELLES IN THE ANIMAL CELL Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Unlike the eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi, animal cells do not have a cell wall. This feature was lost in the distant past by the single-celled organisms that gave rise to the kingdom Animalia. The lack of a rigid cell wall allowed animals to develop a greater diversity of cell types, tissues, and organs. Specialized cells that formed nerves and muscles—tissues impossible for plants to evolve—gave these organisms mobility. The ability to move about by the use of specialized muscle tissues is a hallmark of the animal world, though a few animals, primarily sponges, do not possess differentiated tissues  ORGANELLES IN THE ANIMAL CELL 1. Nucleus - The nucleus is a highly specialized organelle that serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell. This organelle has two major functions: it stores the cell's hereditary material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's activities, which include growth, intermediary metabolism, protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division). Biomolecular System: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA)  Parts/Organelles (Animal Cell) 2. Cell Membrane - All living cells have a cell membrane that encloses their contents. Composed of cell coat and plasma membrane. In prokaryotes, the membrane is the inner layer of protection surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Eukaryotic animal cells have only the membrane to contain and protect their contents. These membranes also regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the cells. Biomolecular System: Proteins, Lipids (Phospholipids) 3. Mitochondria - Mitochondria are oblong shaped organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of every eukaryotic cell. In the animal cell, they are the main power generators, converting oxygen and nutrients into energy. Biomolecular System: Proteins (Enzymes), Carbohydrtaes  Parts/Organelles (Animal Cell) 4. Lysosomes - The main function of these microbodies is digestion. Lysosomes break down cellular waste products and debris from outside the cell into simple compounds, which are transferred to the cytoplasm as new cell-building materials. Biomolecular System: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids 5. Ribosomes - All living cells contain ribosomes, tiny organelles composed of approximately 60 percent RNA and 40 percent protein. In eukaryotes, ribosomes are made of four strands of RNA. In prokaryotes, they consist of three strands of RNA. Biomolecular System: Amino acids, Proteins, Ribonucleic acid  Parts/Organelles (Animal Cell) 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum - The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell. It is connected to the double-layered nuclear envelope, providing a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Biomolecular System: Amino acids, Proteins, Lipids 7. Golgi Apparatus - The Golgi apparatus is the distribution and shipping department for the cell's chemical products. It modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export to the outside of the cell. Biomolecular System: Proteins, Glycoproteins, Lipoproteins Thank You!