Chavin and Gallinazo Cultures PDF

Chavín de Huántar https://youtu.be/PnIoffCCyBI?si=O69erGVkxjgPpyxv © 2018 1 Before the Inka After 900 cal BC, a decline in coastal sites, such as the Casma Valley, coincided with intensified monument building in the highlands – During the Early Horizon period, this is seen in the Chavín Horizon. – I...

Chavín de Huántar https://youtu.be/PnIoffCCyBI?si=O69erGVkxjgPpyxv © 2018 1 Before the Inka After 900 cal BC, a decline in coastal sites, such as the Casma Valley, coincided with intensified monument building in the highlands – During the Early Horizon period, this is seen in the Chavín Horizon. – In the Early Intermediate period increasingly complex sociopolitical structures emerge in the Nazca, Requay, Cajamarca, Moche, and Gallinazo regional and interregional polities. – During the Middle Horizon period, state-level polities developed at Wari and Tiwanaku, and in the Chimú Empire of the Peruvian coast – The Inka began consolidating power over the highlands in the Late Intermediate period. © 2018 2 Early Horizon (1 of 2) Chavín Horizon: a set of shared artistic motifs that spread from the highlands to the Peruvian coast between 900 and 200 cal BC. Chavín imagery incorporated diverse ecological and animal imagery. This artistic style, including its “fanged deity,” was so widespread that some interpret it as an integrative religion. © 2018 3 Early Horizon (2 of 2) Chavín de Huántar: shows architectural continuity with earlier periods. Possibly constructed in the context of ritual feasting. Participants would take art and ideology with them, but they likely were not “ruled” by Chavín de Huántar. © 2018 4 Early Intermediate (1 of 4) The Southern Peruvian Coastal Area was dominated by the Nazca Culture from 100 BC – AD 700. Nasca created large (over 900 acre) petroglyphs by moving surface stones in patterns on the desert plateau—creating Nasca Lines. © 2018 5 Early Intermediate (2 of 4) The Central Highlands were home to the Requay Culture from AD 1 - 700. Requay manifests significant stylistic ties to coeval developments in the Central Andes, including the Moche, Salinar, and Gallinazo, Cajamarca, Lima, and montane forest cultures (see Lau 2002). © 2018 6 Early Intermediate (3 of 4) Between approximately AD 100 and 800, the Moche were a confederated chiefdom that spanned the north coast of Peru. Distinctive pottery featuring gods, animals, graphic sexual imagery, and war captives (see below). Built flat-topped pyramids and were consumers of metals including copper, gold and silver and their alloys © 2018 7 Early Intermediate (4 of 4) The Northern Coast of Peru was also home to the Gallinazo Culture from 100 BC – AD 700. The Gallinazo built monumental architecture, had a unique art style, controlled copper mines and extensive canal systems https://arcg.is/1r8b8q1 © 2018 8 But, where did all the metal, copper in particular, come from? Meet the Northern Gallinazo What the heck does that mean? Unlike Mochica art style, Northern Gallinazo pottery is decorated with emoji-like facial expressions What the heck does that mean? Unlike Mochica art style, Northern Gallinazo pottery is not concerned with realism What the heck does that mean? Unlike Mochica art style, Northern Gallinazo pottery is not concerned with realism Gallinazo, Lords of Copper