Charaka Samhita Sutrasthana Chapter 13 PDF

# Chapter 13: Snehādhyāya ## स्नेहाध्याय ### Doubts Regarding Oleation Therapy - **What are the sources of Sneha dravya (unctuous substances)?** - **How Many types of Sneha dravyās are there?** - **What are the features of different types of Sneha dravya?** - **What are the appropriate timings fo...

# Chapter 13: Snehādhyāya ## स्नेहाध्याय ### Doubts Regarding Oleation Therapy - **What are the sources of Sneha dravya (unctuous substances)?** - **How Many types of Sneha dravyās are there?** - **What are the features of different types of Sneha dravya?** - **What are the appropriate timings for the internal administration of different types of Sneha dravya and their Anupāna (post-prandial drink)?** - **What is meant by Sneha Vicaraņa (administration of Sneha dravya along with other food substances) and how many types are there?** - **How many types of Sneha matrā (dosage) are there?** - **What is the measurement of each of them?** - **What dose should be prescribed for whom?** - **Which one of the dosage is suitable to whom?** - **Which one is the best one among all the Sneha dravyās?** - **Who are eligible and not eligible for oleation therapy?** - **What are the features of proper, insufficient and excessive oleation therapy?** - **What is beneficial and what is harmful before and after Snehapāna and also after completion of digestion?** - **What are the features of Mrdu-Kostha and Krūra-Kostha?** - **What are the complications of oleating therapy? And what are their management methods?** - **What is the regimen prescribed for Samana Sneha and Sodhana Sneha?** - **To whom Vicāraņa type of Sneha is to be given and how they should be prepared?** ### Sneha-Yoni (Origin of Oleating Substances) - **Originated from Plants:** Tila, Priyāla, Abhisuka, Vibhitaka, Caraka, Abhayā, Eranda, Madhika, Surves, Kusumbha, Bilva, Aruka, Mülaka, Müsa Nikocaka, Aksoda, Karañja and Sigra yields oil and belongs to plant origin - **Originated from Animals:** The curds, milk, ghee, Mamsa, Vasa and Majja from Matsya, Mrga, Paksi (fish, animals and birds) are the oleating substances and related to animal origin. ### Properties of Tila Taila & Eranda Taila - Among all the oily substances Tila Taila (gingili oil) is the best one to bestow strength as well as for oleation and Eranda Taila (castor oil) is the best one for purgation. - Eranda Taila possesses Katu Rasa, Uşna and Guru Guna. Hence it acts as Vāta-śleşma hara. When it is mixed with the substances having Kaşāya, Madhura and Tikta Rasa, it alleviates Pitta also. ### Types of Sneha Dravya - Though many a number of unctuous substances are available in the nature, Sarpi (ghee), Taila (gingili oil), Vasā (muscle fat) and Majjā (bone marrow) are being considered as the best among them. Among these four, ghee is par-excellence because it can assimilate the properties of other substances. ### Properties of Ghṛta - Ghṛta (ghee) alleviates Pitta and Vāta. - It is wholesome for Rasa Dhātu, Sukra Dhātu and Ojas. - It gives cooling (Nirvāpaņa) and softening (Mrdu-kara) effect on the body. - It gives good voice and complexion. ### Properties of Taila - Taila (oil) alleviates Vāta without aggravating Kapha. - It promotes body strength. - It is conductive to healthiness of skin. - It is hot and causes stability to the body. - It is useful for purification of female genitalia. ### Properties of Vasā - Vasā (muscle fat) is useful for the management of injury (Viddha), fractures (Bhagna), trauma (Ahata), prolapsed uterus (Bhraştța yoni), earache (Karņa ruja) and headache (Śiroruja). - It is useful for the enhancement of virility. - It acts as an oleating substance in general and especially useful for those who practices physical exercises. ### Properties of Majjā - Majjā (bone marrow) enhances body strength (Bala) as well as Sukra Dhātu, Rasa Dhātu, Śleşma, Medo Dhātu and Majjā Dhātu. - It is especially useful for the strengthening of bones. - It also acts as unctuous substance. ### Suitable Seasons for the Use of Different Types of Oleating Substances - **Sarpi (ghee)** should be administered during Saradrtu (autumn i.e. in the months of Āsvayuja - Kārtīka). - The ideal season for the administration of Vasa (muscle fat) and Majjā (bone marrow) is Madhave i.e. Vasanta Rtu (spring i.e. in the months of Phalguna and Caitra). - Similarly the best season for the administration of Taila (oil) is Pravet Rtu (rainy season i.e. Āsādha and Śrāvaņa). - One should not take oleating substances when the season is too hot or too cold. ### Time of Administration of Different Types of Oleating Substances - When Vāta and Pitta is vitiated, and during hot days, oleating substances should be administered in the evening hours generally. - Similarly when Kapha is vitiated, and during cold days, oleating substances should be administered in the noon hours. ### Anupāna for Different Types of Oleating Substances | S.N. | Name of the Oleating Substance | Anupāna | |:---|:---|:---| | 1 | Ghrta (ghee) | Uşna jala (hot water) | | 2 | Taila (oil) | Yūşa (soup) | | 3 | Vasā (muscle fat) & Majjā (bone marrow) | Manda (thin gruel) | | 4 | All the oleating substances in general | Uşna jala (hot water) | ### 24 Types of Sneha Vicāraņa | S. No. | Sneha Vicāraņa | |:---|:---| | 1 | Odana (Cooked rice) | | 2 | Vilepī (Gruel prepared with 4 times water) | | 3 | Rasa (Mutton soup) | | 4 | Māmsa (Meet) | | 5 | Paya (Milk) | | 6 | Dadhi (Curd) | | 7 | Yavāgū (Gruel prepared with 6 times water) | | 8 | Sūpa (Dal) | | 9 | Śāka (Curry) | | 10 | Yūşa (Vegetable soup) | | 11 | Kāmbalika (Sour milk mixed with whey) | | 12 | Khada (Buttermilk boiled with sour vegetables) | | 13 | Saktu (Barley flour initially fried and then ground) | | 14 | Tila Pişța (Pastry of sesamum) | | 15 | Madya (Alcohol) | | 16 | Leha (Linctus's) | | 17 | Bhakşya (Intake of food by mastication) | | 18 | Abhyañjana (Massage) | | 19 | Vasti (Enema) | | 20 | Uttaravasti (Douche) | | 21 | Gandūşa (Gargles) | | 22 | Karna Taila (Ear drops) | | 23 | Nasya (Nasal administration) | | 24 | Akşitarpana (Satiating therapies to the eyes) | ### Importance of Acchapeya - Intake of pure unctuous substance should not be considered as Vicāraņa. This is known as Acchapeya and is the first and best form of administration of oleating substances. ### 64 Types of Vicāraņa - The six tastes with their combination and permutations will be formed sixty three types. Hence the types of Vicāraņa are also 63 types basing on the tastes. Together with the unmixed one the total number becomes 64. Thus a wise physician should administer these types of Vicāraņa with due consideration of habit, season, disease and the individual's eligibility. ### Sneha Mātrā | S. No. | Type of Mātrā | Time taken to digest the oleating substance| |:---|:---|:---| | 1 | Uttama Mātrā | Athorātri (24 hours) | 2 | Madhyama Mātrā | Aha (12 hours) | | 3 | Hrasva Mātrā | Artha-Aha (6 hours) | ### Eligible Patients and Diseases for Uttama Sneha Mātrā - Who are habituated in taking high quantity of unctuous substances (Prabhūta Sneha nityā) - Who can be able to tolerate hunger and thirst (Kşut-Pipāsā sahā narāḥ) - Whoever has strong digestive power (Pāvakaśca Uttama bala) - Who are suffering from abdominal tumor (Gulminah) - Whoever had been affected by snakebite (Sarpadaştā) - Who are suffering from Visarpa (erysipelas), Unmatta (insanity), Kṛcchra-mutra (dysuria) and Gadha-varcas (hard stools) ### Advantages of Uttama Sneha Mātrā - Subsides the diseases very quickly (Šīghram vikārān śamayati). - Moves in the three pathways of diseases and subsides the Dosās (Sarvamārgānusāriņī Doṣānukarşinī). - Bestows strength (Balya). - Rejuvenates the body, senses and mind (Punarnavakarī Śarīra Indriya Cetasām). ### Eligible Patients and Diseases for Madhyama Sneha Mātrā - Those who are suffering from Aruska (eruptions), Sphota (boils), Pidakā (pimples), Kandu (itching), Pămâ (scabies), Kustha (shin disorders). Pramīdhā (urinary disorders) and Vātaśonita (gout). - Who are not taking much food (Na ati bahu aśina). - Those who are having soft bowels (Mrdu-Kostha) and medium strength (Madhyama Bala). ### Advantages of Madhyama Sneha Mātrā - Less complicated (Manda Vibhramśā). - It doesn't reduce the strength excessively (Na ca ati bala hāriņi). - It does unction comfortably (Sukhena ca snehayati). - It is useful for purificatory measures (Šodhanārthe ca yujyate). ### Eligible Patients and Diseases for Hrasva Sneha Mātrā - Those who are feeling discomfort due to empty stomach (Riktakoşthatvamahitam). - Those who had less digestive power (Mandāgni). - Those who are suffering from chronic fever, diarrhea and cough (Cira samutthitā Jvara, Atisāra and Kāsa). - Those who are very weak (Avara bala). ### Advantages of Hrasva Sneha Mātrā - Minimum dosage of Sneha is having fewer precautions and can be followed easily (Parihāre sukhā).. - It is useful for both oleation and nourishment (Snehana and Brmhana). - It acts as aphrodisiac (Vrsya) and gives strength (Balya). - It is harmless (Nirābādhā) and can be used for a long period (Ciram anuvartate). ### Indications for the Administration of Ghṛta > Those whose constitution is dominated by Vata and Pitta (Vāta pitta prakrtayo). > Whoever is suffering from Vata and Pitta disorders (Vata Pitta Vikarinah). > Whoever is desirous for good vision (Caksuh Kama). > Whoever is injured and debilitated (Kşatah Kşīnāh). > Whoever is desirous for longevity (Prakarsa Ayuh Kama). > Those who are desirous for body strength, complexion and voice (Bala-varna-svarārdhinah) > Those who are desirous for nourishment (Puşti), progeny (Praja) and tenderness (Saukumārya) > Those who are desirous for luster (Dipti), Ojas, memory (Smrti), intelligence (Medha), digestive power (Agni), intellectual faculty (Buddhi) and proper functioning of senses (Indriya bala). > Whoever is afflicted with injuries due to burns (Daha), weapons (Sastra), poisons (Visa) and fire (Agni). ### Indications for the Administration of Taila > Those whose throat and abdomen are loose and fleshy (Cala Sthula Gala-Udara) > Whoever is suffering from Vāta disorders and dominated by Vāta constitution (Vāta Vyādhibhirāvistā Vāta prakṛtayaśca) > Whoever is desirous for strength (Bala), slimness (Tanutva), lightness (Laghutā), firmness (Drahatā), steadiness of the body (Sthira gātratā) and tenderness and smoothness of skin (Snigdha Ślakşņa Tanu) > Whoever is suffering from worm infestation (Krmi-Kostha) > Those who are having costive bowels (Krūra-Kostha) > Whoever is suffering from sinus (Nādīvrana) > During cold season (Śītala Kāla) > Those who are habituated to take oil (Tailocitā) ### Indications for the Administration of Vasā > Those who can be able to tolerate by exposing to wind and sun (Vātātapa sahā) > Those having roughness in the skin (Rūkṣā) > Those who became emaciated due to carrying heavy loads and by excessive walking (Bhārādhva Karśītāh) > Those having depleted semen and blood (Samśuşka Reto-Rudhirā) > Those having below the normal level of Kapha and Medas (Nispīta Kapha Medasah) > Those suffering from severe pain in the bones (Asthi), joints (Sandhi), veins (Sirā), ligaments (Snāyu), vital organs (Marma) and viscera (Kostha). > Those whose channels are obstructed by strong Vāta (Balavān Maruto yeşām khāni ca āvṛtya tişthati) > Those having strong power of digestion (Mahaccagni Balam) > Those who are habituated to take muscle fat (Vasā Sātmya) ### Indications for the Administration of Majjā > Those having strong digestive power (Dīptāgni) > Those can tolerate difficult situations (Kleśa-sahā) > Those can take large quantity of food (Ghasmara) > Those habituated to take unctuous substances (Sneha sevinaḥ) > Those suffering from Vätik disorders (Vātārtā) > Those who are having costive bowels (Krūra-Kostha) ### Duration of Snehapāna - Snehapāna should be conducted for a maximum period of 7 days and a minimum period of 3 days only. ### General Indications for Oleation Therapy: - Those to whom sudation and purificatory therapies are to be administered (Svedya and Šodhayitavya) - Those having roughness in the skin (Rūksa) - Those suffering from Vata disorders (Vāta Vikāriņah) - Those who indulge more in wine, women and exercise (Vyāyāma madya strī nityāḥ) - Those who worried too much (Cintakāḥ) ### Contraindications for Oleation Therapy: - Those in whom Kapha and Medas are aggravated (Utsanna kapha medasām). - Those having secretions from the mouth and anus (Abhisyanna anana gudā). - Those have less power of digestion continuously (Nitya Mandāgnyaśca). - Those who are suffering from thirst and fainting (Trşņā Mūrcchā parītāśca).. - Those are pregnant (Garbhini). - Those suffering from dryness of the palate (Tāluśoșa). - Those having aversion to food (Anna dvisa). - Those suffering from vomiting (Chardayanto); abdominal disorders (Jatharāmāyā); Āmadosa; artificial poisoning (Garavisa); weakness (Durbala); emaciated (Pratānta); aversion in taking unctuous substances (Sneha-glānā); intoxicated (Madāturā). - Those who have just undergone Nasya and Vasti therapies. - If oleation therapy is done for the contraindicated persons, number of severe complications may arise. ### Features or Proper, Improper and Excessive Oleation therapy | Improper Oleation | Proper Oleation | Excessive Oleation | |:---|:---|:---| | Hard and dry stools (Grathita Rūkşa Purīşa) | Downward movement of Vāta (Vātānulomatā) | Paleness (Pandutā) | | Impaired functions of Vata (Apraguno Vāyu) | Increased power of digestion (Agni dīpti) | Heaviness (Gaurava) | | Weak digestive fire (Mrdu paktā) | Oily and soft stools (Snigdha & Asamhata Varco) | Dullness (Jādya) | | Roughness and dryness of the skin (Gātrasya Kharatvam Raukşyam ca) | Softness and oily skin (Mārdava & Snigdhānga) | Stools with undigested material (Apakva purīşa) Drowsiness (Tandrā) Anorexia (Aruci) Nausea (Utkleśa) | ### Recommended Diet the day before Snehapāna: - The diet should be liquid, hot and should not obstruct the channels (Drava, Uşņa, Anabhişyandi). - It should be given in proper quantity (Pramānatah). ### Complications due to Untimely Administered Oleating Substances - Due to the administration of oleating substances during daytime for the persons suffering from Vata and Pitta disorders, complications like Mürcchā (fainting), Pipāsā (thirst), Unmāda (insanity) or Kāmalā (jaundice) may arise. - Similarly by the administration of oleating substances during nighttime for the persons suffering from Kapha disorders, complications like Anäha (constipation), Aruci (anorexia), Śūla (colic) or Pandu (anemia) may arise. ### Management of the Complications - Emesis (Ullekhana). - Sudation therapy (Svedakarma).. - To wait for the digestion of the unctuous substance (Kāla pratīkṣaṇa). - Purgation therapy according to the strength of the disease (Sramsana). - Internal administration of Takrārişța. - Intake of un-unctuous foods and drinks (Rūkşa Annapāna). - Intake of eight types of urine (Mutra sevana). - Intake of Triphalā. ### Reasons for Complications - Intake of unctuous substance in the inappropriate time (Akāla Snehapāna). - Administration of unctuous substances to the improper persons (Ahita). - Intake of inadequate or excessive quantity of unctuous substance. - Due to improper regimen (Mithyopacāra). ### Virecana after Snehapana - After the completion of Snehapana, Virecana (Praskandana) should be conducted after 3 days. During this period he should be given unctuous, liquid and hot diet along with mutton juice. ### Vamana after Snehapana - After the completion of Snehapana, Vamana (Pracchardanam) should be conducted after 1 day. During this period he should be given the same diet as mentioned above. ### The regimen which is prescribed after Virecana Karma is holds good even after oleation therapy. ### Pāñcaprasṛtaki Peya - Intake of Pāñca Prasṛtaki Peya (or) the milk pudding prepared with black gram and high quantity of unctuous substance acts as instant oleating recipes. ### Contraindicated Substances in Certain Diseases - In the diseases like Kuştha (skin disorders), Śotha (oedema) and Prameha (urinary disorders) one should not use the drugs such as Grāmya, Ānūpa and Udaka Māmsa rasa (meat juice of domestic, marshy and aquatic animals), Guda (jaggery), Dadhi (curd), Paya (milk) and Tila (sesamum) for the purpose of oleation. - If essential those diseases should be managed by the administration of the oleating substances processed with the suitable drugs which should not cause any complications. - The oils processed with Pippali, Harītakī and Triphalā can be used for oleation in the above diseases Kuştha (skin disorders), Sotha (oedema) and Prameha (urinary disorders) respectively. ### Sneha Dravya for Yoni Dosa & Sukra Doşa - The unctuous substance prepared with Taila, Majjā, Vasā, Sarpi and the decoctions of Badara and Triphalā is useful for the management of Yoni Dosa and Sukra Doşa. ### Simile Regarding the Effect of Instant Oleation - A piece of cloth absorbs water as much as it can be and leaves off the excess water. Similarly the body can digest the ingested unctuous substances according to its digestive power and the rest of the substances are being expelled from the body. - When water is poured quickly on a clod of earth, it oozes out without wetting properly. Similarly instant oleating substances also expel quickly from the body without oleating the body properly. ### Advantage of Salt in Oleation - Intake of unctuous substances along with rock salt is beneficial for oleating the body quickly because it possess the qualities like Abhişyandi, Arükşa, Sükşma, Uşna and Vyavāyi. ### To Sum Up: - In this chapter Lord Punarvasu (Candrabhāgī) has described in response to Agniveśa various types of Oleating substances, Procedure for Oleation, Complications - Their Management in a lucid manner. ### Post-operative Care - One should use hot water for drinking as well as bathing (Uşnodakopacārī). - One should maintain celibacy (Brahmacārī). - One should sleep during night time only (Kşapāśaya). ### Mṛdu Koştha-Krūra Kostha - The person having Mrdu Kostha will be properly oleated within 3 days, whereas it will took 7 days for Krūra Kostha. ### Mṛdu Koştha Lakṣaṇa - Jaggery (Guda), sugarcane juice (Ikşu rasa), whey (Mastu), milk (Kṣīra), cream of curd (Ullodita), curd (Dadhi), milk pudding (Pāyasa), gruel made from sesamum (Kṛśarā), ghee (Sarpi), etc. are the features of Mrdu-Koşța. ### Krūra Koştha Lakṣaṇa - But the above substances cannot produce purgative effect for those having Krūra Kostha, because their Grahanī is dominated by Vāta excessively. ### Sneha Vyāpath - The Sneha dravya taken by a person having the dominance of Pitta in the Grahanī, and who is having strong digestive fire gets digested the oils quickly by its power. - The strong digestive fire after digesting the oleating substances displaces Ojas and produces severe thirst along with complications. ### Management of Trṣṇā - If the patient gets thirst due to improper digestion of Sneha dravya, he should be made vomiting by the physician. - Afterwards he should be given cold water followed by administering Rikya Ahāra and then induce vomiting again. - In the event of the dominancy of Pitta and especially when Pitta is associated with Ama, one should not administer the ghee alone. Because of the Tiksana Guna of Pitta, it spreads all over the body and results in yellow coloration of the body and may prove to be fatal by impairing the consciousness. ### Sneha Vyāpath (Complications of Oleation Therapy) - Tandrā (drowsiness), Sotkleśa (stiffness), Anāha (constipation), Jvara (fever), Stambha (stiffness), Visañjñatā (unconsciousness), Kuştha (skin disorders), Kandu (Pruritus), Pandu (Anemia), Sopha (Oedema) Arśas (Hemorrhoids), Aruci (Anorexia), Trṣṇā (thirst), Grahanī doșa disorders (Jathara), Āmadosa, Absence of motion (Staimitya), Restraining of speech (Vākya-nigraha), Colic (Śūla) and Amadoșa etc. ### Management of the Complications - Emesis (Ullekhana). - Sudation therapy (Svedakarma).. - To wait for the digestion of the unctuous substance (Kāla pratīkṣaṇa). - Purgation therapy according to the strength of the disease (Sramsana). - Internal administration of Takrārişța. - Intake of un-unctuous foods and drinks (Rūkşa Annapāna). - Intake of eight types of urine (Mutra sevana). - Intake of Triphalā. ### Pāñcaprasṛtaki Peya - Preparation of thin gruel by adding one Prasrta each of the above five substances i.e. 4 types of Sneha plus rice is known as Pañca Prasṛta Peyā. - This is prescribed for instant oleation. ### Contraindicated Substances in Certain Diseases - In the diseases like Kuştha (skin disorders), Śotha (oedema) and Prameha (urinary disorders) one should not use the drugs such as Grāmya, Ānūpa and Udaka Māmsa rasa (meat juice of domestic, marshy and aquatic animals), Guda (jaggery), Dadhi (curd), Paya (milk) and Tila (sesamum) for the purpose of oleation. ### Sneha Dravya for Yoni Doşa & Sukra Doşa - The oil processed with the paste of Trikatu and the liquid substances like Drākṣā Rasa, Āmalakī Rasa and sour curd is useful for oleation. ### Pāñcaprasṛtaki Peya - The ghee (obtained directly from milk) prepared by processing with the decoction of Yava, Kola, Kulattha and Kṣāra, Surā and Dadhi is the best one for oleation. # Chapter 13: Snehādhyāya ## स्नेहाध्याय ### Doubts Regarding Oleation Therapy - **What are the sources of Sneha dravya (unctuous substances)?** - **How Many types of Sneha dravyās are there?** - **What are the features of different types of Sneha dravya?** - **What are the appropriate timings for the internal administration of different types of Sneha dravya and their Anupāna (post-prandial drink)?** - **What is meant by Sneha Vicaraņa (administration of Sneha dravya along with other food substances) and how many types are there?** - **How many types of Sneha matrā (dosage) are there?** - **What is the measurement of each of them?** - **What dose should be prescribed for whom?** - **Which one of the dosage is suitable to whom?** - **Which one is the best one among all the Sneha dravyās?** - **Who are eligible and not eligible for oleation therapy?** - **What are the features of proper, insufficient and excessive oleation therapy?** - **What is beneficial and what is harmful before and after Snehapāna and also after completion of digestion?** - **What are the features of Mrdu-Kostha and Krūra-Kostha?** - **What are the complications of oleating therapy? And what are their management methods?** - **What is the regimen prescribed for Samana Sneha and Sodhana Sneha?** - **To whom Vicāraņa type of Sneha is to be given and how they should be prepared?** ### Sneha-Yoni (Origin of Oleating Substances) - **Originated from Plants:** Tila, Priyāla, Abhisuka, Vibhitaka, Caraka, Abhayā, Eranda, Madhika, Surves, Kusumbha, Bilva, Aruka, Mülaka, Müsa Nikocaka, Aksoda, Karañja and Sigra yields oil and belongs to plant origin - **Originated from Animals:** The curds, milk, ghee, Mamsa, Vasa and Majja from Matsya, Mrga, Paksi (fish, animals and birds) are the oleating substances and related to animal origin. ### Properties of Tila Taila & Eranda Taila - Among all the oily substances Tila Taila (gingili oil) is the best one to bestow strength as well as for oleation and Eranda Taila (castor oil) is the best one for purgation. - Eranda Taila possesses Katu Rasa, Uşna and Guru Guna. Hence it acts as Vāta-śleşma hara. When it is mixed with the substances having Kaşāya, Madhura and Tikta Rasa, it alleviates Pitta also. ### Types of Sneha Dravya - Though many a number of unctuous substances are available in the nature, Sarpi (ghee), Taila (gingili oil), Vasā (muscle fat) and Majjā (bone marrow) are being considered as the best among them. Among these four, ghee is par-excellence because it can assimilate the properties of other substances. ### Properties of Ghṛta - Ghṛta (ghee) alleviates Pitta and Vāta. - It is wholesome for Rasa Dhātu, Sukra Dhātu and Ojas. - It gives cooling (Nirvāpaņa) and softening (Mrdu-kara) effect on the body. - It gives good voice and complexion. ### Properties of Taila - Taila (oil) alleviates Vāta without aggravating Kapha. - It promotes body strength. - It is conductive to healthiness of skin. - It is hot and causes stability to the body. - It is useful for purification of female genitalia. ### Properties of Vasā - Vasā (muscle fat) is useful for the management of injury (Viddha), fractures (Bhagna), trauma (Ahata), prolapsed uterus (Bhraştța yoni), earache (Karņa ruja) and headache (Śiroruja). - It is useful for the enhancement of virility. - It acts as an oleating substance in general and especially useful for those who practices physical exercises. ### Properties of Majjā - Majjā (bone marrow) enhances body strength (Bala) as well as Sukra Dhātu, Rasa Dhātu, Śleşma, Medo Dhātu and Majjā Dhātu. - It is especially useful for the strengthening of bones. - It also acts as unctuous substance. ### Suitable Seasons for the Use of Different Types of Oleating Substances - **Sarpi (ghee)** should be administered during Saradrtu (autumn i.e. in the months of Āsvayuja - Kārtīka). - The ideal season for the administration of Vasa (muscle fat) and Majjā (bone marrow) is Madhave i.e. Vasanta Rtu (spring i.e. in the months of Phalguna and Caitra). - Similarly the best season for the administration of Taila (oil) is Pravet Rtu (rainy season i.e. Āsādha and Śrāvaņa). - One should not take oleating substances when the season is too hot or too cold. ### Time of Administration of Different Types of Oleating Substances - When Vāta and Pitta is vitiated, and during hot days, oleating substances should be administered in the evening hours generally. - Similarly when Kapha is vitiated, and during cold days, oleating substances should be administered in the noon hours. ### Anupāna for Different Types of Oleating Substances | S.N. | Name of the Oleating Substance | Anupāna | |:---|:---|:---| | 1 | Ghrta (ghee) | Uşna jala (hot water) | | 2 | Taila (oil) | Yūşa (soup) | | 3 | Vasā (muscle fat) & Majjā (bone marrow) | Manda (thin gruel) | | 4 | All the oleating substances in general | Uşna jala (hot water) | ### 24 Types of Sneha Vicāraņa | S. No. | Sneha Vicāraņa | |:---|:---| | 1 | Odana (Cooked rice) | | 2 | Vilepī (Gruel prepared with 4 times water) | | 3 | Rasa (Mutton soup) | | 4 | Māmsa (Meet) | | 5 | Paya (Milk) | | 6 | Dadhi (Curd) | | 7 | Yavāgū (Gruel prepared with 6 times water) | | 8 | Sūpa (Dal) | | 9 | Śāka (Curry) | | 10 | Yūşa (Vegetable soup) | | 11 | Kāmbalika (Sour milk mixed with whey) | | 12 | Khada (Buttermilk boiled with sour vegetables) | | 13 | Saktu (Barley flour initially fried and then ground) | | 14 | Tila Pişța (Pastry of sesamum) | | 15 | Madya (Alcohol) | | 16 | Leha (Linctus's) | | 17 | Bhakşya (Intake of food by mastication) | | 18 | Abhyañjana (Massage) | | 19 | Vasti (Enema) | | 20 | Uttaravasti (Douche) | | 21 | Gandūşa (Gargles) | | 22 | Karna Taila (Ear drops) | | 23 | Nasya (Nasal administration) | | 24 | Akşitarpana (Satiating therapies to the eyes) | ### Importance of Acchapeya - Intake of pure unctuous substance should not be considered as Vicāraņa. This is known as Acchapeya and is the first and best form of administration of oleating substances. ### 64 Types of Vicāraņa - The six tastes with their combination and permutations will be formed sixty three types. Hence the types of Vicāraņa are also 63 types basing on the tastes. Together with the unmixed one the total number becomes 64. Thus a wise physician should administer these types of Vicāraņa with due consideration of habit, season, disease and the individual's eligibility. ### Sneha Mātrā | S. No. | Type of Mātrā | Time taken to digest the oleating substance| |:---|:---|:---| | 1 | Uttama Mātrā | Athorātri (24 hours) | 2 | Madhyama Mātrā | Aha (12 hours) | | 3 | Hrasva Mātrā | Artha-Aha (6 hours) | ### Eligible Patients and Diseases for Uttama Sneha Mātrā - Who are habituated in taking high quantity of unctuous substances (Prabhūta Sneha nityā) - Who can be able to tolerate hunger and thirst (Kşut-Pipāsā sahā narāḥ) - Whoever has strong digestive power (Pāvakaśca Uttama bala) - Who are suffering from abdominal tumor (Gulminah) - Whoever had been affected by snakebite (Sarpadaştā) - Who are suffering from Visarpa (erysipelas), Unmatta (insanity), Kṛcchra-mutra (dysuria) and Gadha-varcas (hard stools) ### Advantages of Uttama Sneha Mātrā - Subsides the diseases very quickly (Šīghram vikārān śamayati). - Moves in the three pathways of diseases and subsides the Dosās (Sarvamārgānusāriņī