Child Psychology Past Paper Chapters 1 & 2 PDF

Shuffle MCQs (chapters 1 & 2)\ \ 1. An ultrasound\ A. yields a picture called a CT-scan.\ B. can be heard by the human ear.\ C. bounces sound waves off of the fetus.\ D. uses x-ray photography to make a picture of the unborn child.\ \ 2. Is development continuous or discontinuous?\ A. Discontinuous...

Shuffle MCQs (chapters 1 & 2)\ \ 1. An ultrasound\ A. yields a picture called a CT-scan.\ B. can be heard by the human ear.\ C. bounces sound waves off of the fetus.\ D. uses x-ray photography to make a picture of the unborn child.\ \ 2. Is development continuous or discontinuous?\ A. Discontinuous only\ B. Both; it depends on what aspect of development is being studied\ C. The answer to this is not known.\ D. Continuous only\ \ 3. With amniocentesis,\ A. fluid is tested from the "sac" containing the fetus.\ B. the father's sperm is tested for genetic abnormalities.\ C. the mother's ova are tested for genetic abnormalities.\ D. a biopsy is taken from the pregnant mother's spine.\ \ 4. How is the definition of "child" different from that of "infant?"\ A. Infancy is defined as the first two years of life where complex speech is absent, whereas childhood lasts from birth until puberty.\ B. Infancy is defined by a presence of complex speech, whereas childhood involves the absence of complex speech.\ C. Infancy lasts until age 2, whereas childhood lasts until age 5.\ D. The definition of child and infant are the same.\ \ 5. Which of the following MOST accurately describes what genes do?\ A. Determine the gender of the child.\ B. Regulate the development of traits.\ C. Work together with lutein to influence development.\ D. Hardwire people for certain levels of certain traits.\ \ 6. A couple is deciding whether or not to try and conceive a child. They meet with a health professional who asks them questions regarding their genetic heritage in order to explore whether their child might develop genetic abnormalities. This process is called\ A. chorionic villus sampling.\ B. prenatal testing.\ C. genetic counseling.\ D. adoption counseling.\ \ 7. A sonogram is produced by using\ A. fetoscopy.\ B. ultrasound.\ C. amniocentesis.\ D. chorionic villus sampling.\ \ 8. A normal human cell contains \_\_\_\_ chromosomes organized into \_\_\_\_ pairs.\ A. 48; 24\ B. 20; 10\ C. 46; 23\ D. 32; 16\ \ 9. The primary purpose of genetic counseling is to\ A. prove that a child will develop a certain illness.\ B. outline the genetic risks of unprotected sex.\ C. assist potential parents in making procreation decisions.\ D. advise couples to abort unborn children.\ \ 10. How is "theory" defined?\ A. A formulation of relationships underlying observed events\ B. A feedback process that predicts development\ C. A scientific method used to study child development\ D. Testable predictions about an event\ \ 11. Which of the following describes the process by which sperm is injected into the uterus at the time of ovulation?\ A. Donor IVF\ B. Artificial insemination\ C. IVF\ D. Surrogacy\ \ 12. Dr. Meyers has intensely studied a child born with severe autism for five years. This represents\ A. a case study.\ B. a cross-lagged method.\ C. an experiment.\ D. a correlational design.\ \ 13. A zygote that divides into two genetically identical replicas is called\ A. monozygotic twins.\ B. mitosis.\ C. cross-fertilization.\ D. dizygotic twins.\ \ 14. Dr. Simmons has found a strong positive correlation between watching violent cartoons on TV and children's levels of aggression towards others. What can be concluded from this research?\ A. Aggressive behavior causes children to watch more violent TV.\ B. Violent TV viewing causes aggressive behavior in children.\ C. Violent TV viewing and aggressive behavior towards other children are related in some way.\ D. Violent TV viewing and aggressive behavior towards other children are unrelated.\ \ 15. The terms "growth" and "development" are\ A. opposites.\ B. different; growth refers to changes in quantity only, whereas development refers to changes in quantity and/or quality.\ C. different; growth refers to changes in quality, whereas development refers to changes in quantity.\ D. synonymous.\ \ 16. Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 pairs look alike and possess genetic information concerning the same traits. These are\ A. sex chromosomes.\ B. identical chromosomes.\ C. alleles\ D. autosomes.\ \ 17. Females are less likely than males to show sex-linked disorders because females\ A. do not inherit recessive genes.\ B. have an additional X chromosome.\ C. have higher levels of estrogen.\ D. have higher levels of testosterone.\ \ 18. Dr. Turner forms the hypothesis that ingesting caffeine prior to an exam will improve exam performance. In a study, she gives half of the participants coffee and the other half water. She then gives the participants an exam. In this experiment, what is the experimental group?\ A. The group that has coffee\ B. The performance on the exam\ C. The group that drinks water\ D. There is no experimental group as this is a case study\ \ 19. Because Sebastian lacks access to healthy food, he may not grow to be as tall as he could. However, if healthy food becomes available, his body may "snap back into its genetically determined path." What is the term used to describe this process?\ A. Genotype expression\ B. Invariant development\ C. Canalization\ D. Chromosomalization\ \ 20. The typical sex chromosome pattern for males is \_\_\_\_ and for females is \_\_\_\_\_.\ A. XY; XX\ B. XYY; XX\ C. XYY; XY\ D. XX; XY\ \ 21. Dr. Yates forms the hypothesis that students who sleep more prior to taking an exam will score higher on the exam than students who sleep less. Half of the students sleep eight to nine hours the night before the exam. The other half sleep only four to five hours the night before the test. She then gives the participants an exam. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable?\ A. The group that sleeps eight to nine hours\ B. The performance on the exam\ C. The group that sleeps four to five hours\ D. Whether they slept four to five or eight or nine hours\ \ 22. Chromosomes contain thousands of segments called\ A. cytosines.\ B. nuclei.\ C. phosphates.\ D. genes.\ \ 23. Informing participants about the results of a study is called\ A. counterconditioning.\ B. informed consent.\ C. debriefing.\ D. voluntary consent.\ \ 24. Our inherited traits can vary in expression given our unique environments. This is referred to as\ A. "averaging" of genetic instructions carried by one's parents.\ B. phenotype.\ C. reaction range.\ D. genotype.\ \ 25. The nature/nurture debate considers\ A. the relationship(s) between genetics, environment, and human development.\ B. whether people grow in a continuous or a "start and stop" fashion.\ C. why genes are more influential in development than environment.\ D. why the environment is more important in development than evolution.\ \ 26. Dr. Martinez wants to know which exhibits children prefer at the new Children's Museum. To find out, she unobtrusively observes them to see which exhibits they choose to visit most and at which ones they spend the most time. Which type of research method does this represent?\ A. A standardized test\ B. A longitudinal study\ C. Naturalistic observation\ D. The case study method\ \ 27. The University of Michigan's "Monitoring the Future" research group has been surveying 6,000 different students a year for nearly 40 years. What type of research design is this?\ A. A case study\ B. A longitudinal study\ C. An experiment\ D. A cross-sectional study\ \ 28. Jill does not produce ova of her own. An ovum is harvested from another woman, is fertilized in vitro, and placed into Jill's uterus where it becomes implanted and develops prenatally. Which fertility method does this best represent?\ A. Donor IVF\ B. Surrogate mother\ C. Artificial insemination\ D. IVF\ \ 29. If a woman produced two ova in the same month and these are fertilized by different sperm cells, the result is\ A. dizygotic twins.\ B. a single pregnancy.\ C. monozygotic twins.\ D. homozygous twins.\ \ 30. Heredity is defined as\ A. the process of cell division.\ B. traits that are determined by pairs of genes.\ C. the biological transmission of traits and characteristics that is passed from parent to child by means of genes.\ D. the spiral shaped structures found in cells.\ \ 31. A researcher found that the more hours that college students spend in the library, the higher their grades. This represents\ A. a case study.\ B. a negative correlation.\ C. a positive correlation.\ D. a fact of life for college students.\ \ 32. Molly is in her 10th week of pregnancy. She is undergoing a procedure in which small threads are removed from the outer membrane that envelops the amniotic sac and fetus. Which procedure is she undergoing?\ A. Amniocentesis\ B. Cervical variability study\ C. Ultrasound sonography\ D. Chorionic villus sampling\ \ 33. If a child receives a dominant allele for brown hair from one parent and a recessive allele for blonde hair from the other, what do we know?\ A. The child will have blonde hair.\ B. The child will be female.\ C. We cannot predict the potential hair color of the child based upon this information.\ D. The child will have brown hair.\ \ 34. Which of the following represents the weakest correlation between two variables?\ A. -.20\ B. +.45\ C. +.65\ D. +.70 [Answer Key] 1\. C\ 2. B\ 3. A\ 4. A\ 5. B\ 6. C\ 7. B\ 8. C\ 9. C\ 10. A\ 11. B\ 12. A\ 13. A\ 14. C\ 15. B\ 16. D\ 17. B\ 18. A\ 19. C\ 20. A\ 21. B\ 22. D\ 23. C\ 24. C\ 25. A\ 26. C\ 27. D\ 28. A\ 29. A\ 30. C\ 31. C\ 32. D\ 33. D\ 34. A