Chapter 16 Cell Signaling 2018 PDF

Cell communication Chapter 16 ECB 16_03_signal_various.jpg Contact dependent signaling 16_04_Contact_depend.jpg One transmitter system (acetylcholine) involved in different cell types and eliciting different types of signaling 16_05_target_cells.jpg  Different signals become...

Cell communication Chapter 16 ECB 16_03_signal_various.jpg Contact dependent signaling 16_04_Contact_depend.jpg One transmitter system (acetylcholine) involved in different cell types and eliciting different types of signaling 16_05_target_cells.jpg  Different signals become integrated 16_06_extracellular_sig.jpg A typical 16_07_change_behavior.jpg signaling cascade Structuring of the signaling process: 16_08_cascades.jpg Relay, Modulation, Amplification, Divergence Different types of receptors – intracellular and cell membrane 16_09_molecules_bind.jpg Cell membrane permeable ligands of cytosolic receptors 16_11_phobic_hormone.jpg  16_12_cortisol.jpg Steroid receptor mediated signaling 16_14_3_basic_classes.jpg 3 types of receptors The role of phosphorylation as an activity switch 16_15_molec_switches.jpg G-protein coupled receptor – 7 transmembrane receptor 16_16_Gprotein_linkd.jpg  GPCR – G-protein 16_17_Gprot_dissociate.jpg function  GPCR – G-protein 16_18_Gprot_subunit.jpg function  GPCR – G-protein 16_19_open_K_chan.jpg function G-protein coupled receptor target – enzymatic function 16_20_second_messeng.jpg  16_21_Cyclic_AMP.jpg Synthesis and breakdown of cAMP second targets messenger Genomic and direct routes of signaling 16_23_slowly_rapidly.jpg  Example: 16_24_cAMP_activate.jpg GPCR - PKA transcription  Example GPCR - PLC- 16_25_PhospholipaseC.jpg Ca2+  16_28_photoreceptor.jpg Special anatomy of a photoreceptor cell in the eye  16_29_amplifies_light.jpg 1 500 Amplification! 105 Amplification! 107 Receptor tyrosine kinase signaling 16_30_rec_tyro_kinase.jpg Ras - Map-kinase pathway 16_31_active_Ras.jpg  Ras - Map-kinase pathway 16_32_MAP-kinase.jpg Mutant receptors can separate effects of different pathways 16_33_Mutant_proteins.jpg  Introducing 16_35_act_in_pathway.jpg specific mutations has helped to define the order of the proteins in the pathway Mutant Ras causes continuous activation 16_34_Ras_transmits.jpg  Cytokine receptor signaling 16_36_Cytokine_recpt.jpg Note: this works differently from an RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase  Growth factor signaling 16_37_TGF_B_receptor.jpg Note: not an RTK Signals from (many) different inputs integrate 16_38_Signal_pathways.jpg