Chapter1 - HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY.pptx.pdf

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION PMLS1 CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the discussion, the student should be able to: ◼ Discuss the history of medical technology in a global context; ◼ Identify the important personalities that played significant roles in the progress of the...

HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION PMLS1 CHAPTER 1 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the discussion, the student should be able to: ◼ Discuss the history of medical technology in a global context; ◼ Identify the important personalities that played significant roles in the progress of the medical technology profession; and ◼ Cite inventions and innovations in the medical technology field. WHAT IS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY / MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE?? Medical Technology is a combination of Medicine and the use of technology Medical Technology is an applied science for it employs scientific investigation to come up with findings. Medical Laboratory Science is a discipline of medicine and technology that examines and analyzes patients' samples to aid the physicians in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases.  HIPPOCRATES triad of regimen in treatment of diseases (drugs, surgery and bloodletting) Physical examination is ISAAC JUDAEUS Extensive modernization of GALEN Designed a book of urine prohibited without relying technology by using Measurement of body that details its first on patient’s instruments and machines humors (blood, phlegm, characteristics (color, description and for diagnosis of diseases yellow and black bile) density, quality) manifestations Early 11th 19th 300 BC 900 AD Century Century They advocated to increase Urinalysis became a Dissection the quality of life of commonplace as a provided a more patients through medieval medical examination accurate techniques of medicine diagnosis and understand internal anatomy TIMELINE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY  DR. WILLIAM OSLER Introduced the use of microscope for blood counting in hospital-based laboratories. Built a Standard curriculum Breakthrough in medical laboratory in University on collegiate APOTHECARIES ACT OF of Philadelphia technology; massive education with 1 automation and 1815 Hospital, mandating all year of laboratory Uphaul of medical patients to undergo standardization routine laboratory training was treatment based on established. examination laboratory findings 20th 1800’s 1900’s 1940’s Century Laboratories Technical RUDOLF VIRCHOW (1821) are designed laboratories are First to study manifestation for analyzing regulated by Electrochemistry of diseases on a specimen Center for Spectrophotometry Disease microscopic level Control and Chemiluminescence Prevention Scintillation (CDC) Electron Microscopy Molecular Techniques TIMELINE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY  HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY UNITED STATES ◼ John Kolmer (1918) – proposed a method of certifying medical technologists on national scale. At the same year, Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring all hospital to have a fully-equipped laboratory fit for routine testing and to employ a full-time laboratory technician. ◼ American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) established the code of ethics for allied health professionals, stating that they should work with physicians. ◼ American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (form. American Society for Medical Technologists) helped in the recognition of nonphysician clinical laboratory scientists as an autonomous professional. ◼ 1950s, medical technologists sought recognition from the government of their educational qualifications through licensure laws. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PHILIPPINES (SPANISH COLONIAL ERA) ◼ Hospital Real (1565) – the first hospital in the Philippines moved to Manila to cater military UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS patients. ◼ Hospital de San Juan de Dios (1596) – one of the oldest existing hospital. Built to cater poor Spaniards. ◼ University of Santo Tomas (1871) - The first medical program to be established in the Philippines were Pharmacy and Medicine ◼ Laboratorio Municipal de Manila (1887) – laboratory examinations of food, water and clinical samples. SAN JUAN DE DIOS HOSPITAL HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PHILIPPINES (AMERICAN COLONIAL ERA) ◼ 1898 – Spanish Military Hospitals were converted by BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT Lt. Col. Henry Lippincott to Reserve Hospitals LABORATORIES containing diagnostic laboratory. Richard Strong utilized the laboratory to perform autopsies and to examine blood, feces and urine along with other services. ◼ Bureau of Government Laboratories (1901) – established to address and develop methods in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human and animal diseases. ◼ College of Public Health (1927) – University of the Philippines opened its Certificate in Public Health COLLEGE OF PUBLIC HEALTH Program with the aim to provide proper training. HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PHILIPPINES (PRE- and POST-WORLD WAR II) ◼ Manila Public Health Laboratory - Located at MANILA PUBLIC HEALTH Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz Manila, first clinical LABORATORY laboratory in the Philippines. When US army left in June of 1945, the laboratory was endorsed to the National Department of Health. ◼ Dr. Pio de Roda and Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana conducted a 6-month training program for aspiring laboratory workers. ◼ Bureau of Private Education approved a 4-year course in Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology, with Manila Sanitarium and Hospital as the first school to offer the program.  Anton van Leeuwenhoek 166 The father of microbiology; known for 0 his work on the Marie Francois Xavier improvement of Bichat microscope Identified organs by their 1793 tissue types. Father of Histology Edward Jenner Discovered vaccination 1796 to establish immunity to smallpox. Louis Pasteur Successfully produced INVENTIONS AND immunity to rabies 1857 Father of Immunology INNOVATIONS IN Gregor Mendel 186 Enunciated his law of THE FIELD OF inherited characteristics Joseph Lister 6 from studies on plants MEDICAL Demonstrated that surgical infections are caused by airborne 1870 LABORATORY Robert Koch organisms Presented the first 1877 pictures of bacilli (anthrax) and later Elie Metchnikoff tubercle bacilli Described phagocytes in 188 blood and their role in fighting infection 6 Ernst von Bergmann 188 Introduced steam 6 sterilization in surgery  Karl Landsteiner Distinguished blood 1902 groups through development of the ABO August von blood group system Wassermann 190 Developed immunologic tests for syphilis 6 Howards Ricketts Discovered 190 microorganism whose range lies between 6 bacteria and viruses Hans Fischer called Rickettsiae INVENTIONS AND Worked out the 1929 structure of hemoglobin James Westgard INNOVATIONS IN Introduced the 1973 Westgard Rules for THE FIELD OF quality control in the Baruch Samuel clinical laboratory MEDICAL Blumberg 198 Introduced the Hepatitis 0 LABORATORY B vaccine Kary Mullis 198 Developed the Polymerase Chain 5 reaction (PCR) Andre van Steirteghem Introduced the intracytoplasmic sperm 1992 injection (IVF) James Thomson 199 Derived the first human 8 stem cell line ASSIGNMENT Submit your assignment in a short bond paper (Hand-written, to be submitted next meeting.) Identify at least 5 other significant personalities as well as their contributions in the field of medical laboratory science. Prepare for a short quiz next week (identification and multiple choice)