Chapter 9: Nature Of The Clinical Laboratory PDF

Chapter 9 Nature of the Clinical Laboratory  The Clinical Laboratory: What Does It Do? Source: Inquirer.net Source: St. Elizabeth Hospital, Inc. Source: St. Elizabeth Hospital, Inc. Source: Northwell Health Source: Mahidol University Source: San Jose State University Source: Un...

Chapter 9 Nature of the Clinical Laboratory  The Clinical Laboratory: What Does It Do? Source: Inquirer.net Source: St. Elizabeth Hospital, Inc. Source: St. Elizabeth Hospital, Inc. Source: Northwell Health Source: Mahidol University Source: San Jose State University Source: University of Virginia’s College at Wise Source: inquirer.net Source: medtek.com.ph Main Tasks of the Clinical Laboratory 1 Accurate Information 2 Decision Support 3 Specimen Processing Provide accurate and 70% of all decisions Processing, analysis, reliable information to performed by medical preservation, and proper doctors for diagnosis, doctors are based on disposal of collected prognosis, treatment, and laboratory results specimens management of diseases 4 Additional Involvement Actively involved in research, community outreach programs, surveillance, infection control, information dissemination, and evaluation of diagnostic technologies Classifications of Clinical Laboratories: By Function Clinical Pathology Anatomic Pathology Focuses on areas such as: Focuses on areas including: - Clinical Chemistry - Histopathology - Clinical Microscopy - Immunohistopathology - Hematology - Cytology - Immunohematology and Blood Banking - Autopsy - Immunology and Serology - Forensic Pathology - Toxicology - Involves diagnosis of diseases through microscopic - Therapeutic Drug Monitoring examination of tissues and organs - Microbiology - Parasitology - Endocrinology - Involves diagnosis and treatment of diseases through laboratory testing of blood and other body fluids  Institutional-based Operates within the premises or part of an institution such as a hospital, school, Classifications medical clinic, birthing home, or drug rehabilitation center (e.g. DLSUMC) of Clinical Laboratories: By Institutional Characteristics Free-standing Not part of an established institution (e.g. free-standing out-patient clinical laboratory, Hi-Precision Diagnostics) De La Salle University Medical Center Hi-Precision Diagnostics  Government-owned Owned, wholly or partially, by national or local government units (e.g. San Lazaro Hospital, Philippine General Hospital) Classifications of Clinical Laboratories: By Ownership Privately-owned Owned, established, and operated by an individual, corporation, institution, association, or organization (e.g. Makati Medical Center, St. Luke's Medical Center) Classifications of Clinical Laboratories: By Service Capability (Primary Category) Licensed Tests Basic, routine laboratory testing: Equipment Requirements Space Requirement - routine urinalysis - Microscopes At least 10 sqm. - routine stool examination - Centrifuge - routine hematology or CBC - Hematocrit centrifuge (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, differential count, qualitative platelet determination) - blood typing (if hospital-based) Classifications of Clinical Laboratories: By Service Capability (Secondary Category) Licensed Tests Equipment Requirements Space Requirement all primary category tests, plus All primary category equipment At least 20 sqm. - routine chemistry tests like plus semi-automated chemistry blood glucose concentration, analyzers, autoclave, incubator, BUN, uric acid, creatinine, and oven cholesterol determination - hospital-based labs can also perform gram stain, KOH mount, and crossmatching Classifications of Clinical Laboratories: By Service Capability (Tertiary Category) Licensed Tests Equipment Requirements Space Requirement All secondary category tests All secondary category At least 60 sqm. plus: equipment plus automated - immunology and serology, chemistry analyzer, BSC II, microbiology, bacteriology, serofuge, and other specialized mycology, special clinical equipment chemistry, special hematology, and immunohematology and blood banking National Reference Laboratory 1 Designation 2 Services 3 Research Support Laboratory in a Referral services, Assistance for research government hospital provision of confirmatory activities designated by the DOH to testing, implementation of provide special diagnostic EQAP functions and services for certain diseases 4 Training Training of medical technologists on certain specialized procedures National Reference Laboratories in the Philippines Philippine Heart Center National Kidney and STD/AIDS Cooperative (PHC) Transplant Institute Central Laboratory (NKTI) (SACCL) / San Lazaro Anatomic pathology for Hematology and Coagulation Hospital (SLH) cardiac diseases Immunohematology Screening and confirmatory Immunopathology tests for HIV Lung Center of the Syphilis Anatomic pathology for renal Philippines (LCP) diseases Hepatitis B or HBV / Hepatitis Clinical Chemistry Automated urinalysis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) Anatomic pathology for Hepatitis C or HCV pulmonary diseases Philippine Heart Center (PHC) Lung Center of the Philippines (LCP) National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI) San Lazaro Hospital (SLH) National Reference Laboratories in the Philippines East Avenue Medical Research Institute for RITM cont. Center (EAMC) Tropical Medicine (RITM) Rabies Screening and confirmatory Microbiology and Parasitology Confirmatory testing for blood drug tests / Drugs of abuse Dengue donors and blood units Influenza Water testing potability ⚬ Hepatitis B TB and other mycobacteria Analytical toxicology ⚬ Hepatitis C Malaria and other parasites Methemoglobin ⚬ HIV Bacterial enteric diseases Hemoglobin ⚬ Malaria Measles and other exanthems Sulfhemoglobin ⚬ Syphilis Enterovirus Japanese encephalitis and Antimicrobial resistance other pathogens that cause Emerging and re-emerging meningitis and infections meningoencephalitis Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM)