Learning and Remembering 2 PDF

LEARNING GREMEMBERING 2 Short term memory (STM)...

LEARNING GREMEMBERING 2 Short term memory (STM) - use elaboration · Limited capacity > - read , reread , reflect , ask questions Principle of learning Storage Long Term Memory - chucking - Connect new learning with previous Develop effective learning strategies after encodes , memory running into 2 relatively permanent store of information , Limited duration learning decide what to learn short term (length) > Link new learning to store info - * memory nearly unlimited in span and Rehearsal - - get focused * long term memory capacity (size) maintenance renearsal Improving Retrieval - Type I : ·. learn as effectively possible Encoding Type 2 - 1 - as shorterm memory : storage in brain or Stage : : elaborative rehearsal use visualisation - use visualisation memory where hold info for only few · process of acquiring information Levels of processing Long Term Memory : Unlimited Cap. > - create mental picture organise into by chucking seconds and lasts much less than constantly receiving signals Develop retrieval - - a brain Craik and Lockhart (1972) · Permanent storage clues hearing use effective study strategies minute primary/active 5 sight AKA : Dept of processing Flashbulb memories > select word/phrases that - memory sense · - - , touhe Learning and remembering Long term memory Incoming into processed diffrent level Recall through hypnosis · summarize - : a permanent smell at define types of learner store of information and has unlimited environmental stimuli translate to your 3 levels shallow , intermediate Retrieval Getting Info Out stimulate test conditions · · · deep - : : , access to learning process capacity of storage which need brain for a brief period of sensory storage. Deeper processing of Learn beyond mastery - memory · - include with memory system a process of retrieval to recall it. Stage 2 : Storage structural. Phonemic Semantic Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon How to get focused Retrival Placement of info in your memory Avoid · of system of individual which Recalling an event competing visual info · process of getting information out of > now will the memory run the sensory storage Reconstructing Identify purpose - · · memories Process of encode store and Decide what types of into what > memory short-term memory Forgetting When memory lapses - · : , > retrieve. Encoding Long-term memory Recall You need to learn - · Transfer from short-term to Recollection memory part of mind which process by which info enters brain use previewing · : play important part in human during encoding , environmental stimuli long-term memory Recognition use numerous sensory channels · > Learn in your words living situation. transmitted to brain for very Relearning - are Role Learning storage Info in Memory own : Maintaining how do memory ? brief sensory storage and > Elaborative rehearsal information storage in computers connect new info with old info · interpretation - Analogy · run : * Encoding info storage Take advantage · > sensory storage Recoding in human memory of your - ~ * storing short period of interpretation during Stage 3 : Retrieval Info processing theories like the Atkinson learning stlye. - · * Retrieve - which info stays briefly Accessing and using the into Shiffrin Model use visualisation · in the nervous - > system while brain interpreting held in storage 3 part of memory To organize into by chucking -. selective attention pulls stored info from your memory sensory memory Short-term memory Improving storage · Discover how the material closely tied to storage Long-term memory connected process which our brain automatically use immediate review you are studying · is - · -. > important signal from Encoding : Getting into into memory after reading or lecture Look for similarities and - sorts out more trivial ones. Attention > - facilitates retrieval diffences. Encoding short term focusing use numerous sensory channels Look for sequences and obvious · memory awareness - - transformation as well as the transfer of information holds info that was sent from sensory Selective attention > makes storage more effective divisions within sequences. · - into a memory system , requires in general selective storage system Filtering organize recode into to be - or - , , for only Divided attention · attention , the focusing of awareness in a particular store info you wish to retain - stored. > Set of stimuli events. few seconds Group info - or a into chunks  When to review How to review immediate review Final review 1 schedule · short review session review new info 2 as soon as you making a last check Test using previous exam quest. heard it. of material bor a 3 Develop retrieval clues periodic review text or exam 4 stimulate test situation 5 returning to and quickly Overlearn review previous notes per day 6 Consider physical surroundings 7 use memorization Definition of minda brain : Mnemonics mind : product of brain activity 10 Ci : brain : physical substance BRAIN mind : conscious product of firing Left Right words Chapter 8 Rythm · neurons : mind goes far of beyond the physical brain LEARNINGGREMEMBERING I numbers lines Colour · snapes working lists maps logic Imagination analysis Daydreaming Mind VS Brain physical thing mental thing Forgetting made up of blood vessels not made up of any cells : Loss of information stored in solutions and nerve cells it's hypothetical memory and Theories of forgetting review daily (10-15 mins per day ( · define shape and structure no shape and structure Why ? retrieval failure draw picture - - Disuse : use it or lose it coordinates movements , person's · refers to a decay say it out loud - trace - feelings and diffrent of conscience understanding knowledge hinders recall , - organic causes - flag cue words the body structure. and though process -under learning can touch brain cannot touch brain ·  Benefit of mind mapping while Mind Map studying > - visual map of your Question and Questioning ideas , laid out in a radial strengthen questioning and answering · appeal to your senses with their visual Skills format around a central element 1 Conquer the fear of asking questions. thought 2 As your read , jot down questions saves time while studying that might clarify or explain material generate ideas Type of graphics 3 State questions and clearly concisely · replicates the natural thinking process 1 tables 4 Ask serious questions 2 graphs 3 Think responses through bfr answering questions 3 charts 4 diagrams why ask questions 5 maps · to obtain information Chapter 11 : 6 photographs · to of help a maintain control conversation INSTRUMENT OF THINKING1 7 infographics express interest in the · an other person to clarify point · a step by step instructions : How to read graphic to explore the personality ↓ Read the graphic at the appropriate 1 Look for references in text and or difficulties the other Graphic organizer 2 Read the tittle and caption time and place person may have · consolidate information , but require to test knowledge 3 Determine why the writer critical thinking 2 Read the title · or caption · to encourage future thought · graphics and media explain and included the graphic. 3 Determine how graphic is organized illustrate 4 Examine how the in a group situations graphic · · graphics and media dramatize 4 Identify the variables is organized information 5 Anticipate the purpose graphics and media displays trends , 5 Look at the legend patterns and variations. 6 Determine the graphic's 6 Determine Scale , values or units purpose and source of. mesurement 7Study and think critically 7 the data to identify trends study about the date to identify or patterns trends or patterns. 8 Draw connections with the 8 make a brief summary note. written content. a make a brief summary note  structure - test Tip for creative thinking 1 Think aloud , draw , or write 6 Use the six hats Definition/Concept of Thinking Skill 2 Brainstorm by listing ideas , techniques - De Bono (1976) distinguishes thinking from characteristic of creative people no matter how offbeat knowledge and intelligence. Tips in creative thinking 1 curious 3 Allow time for incubation 1 - "achieving a desired mental state or result" Think aloud 2 Like Challenges T 4 Interpret facts , events and observations 2 Brainstrom by listing. Not 3 afraid to experiment in different way knowing what to do how to - , when and a ideas do it , what tools to use and the consequences. 4 Have high standards 3 Allow time for incubation M 5 know how to accept Definition of creative thinking ↑ seek alternative interpretations concept and give constructive a novel way of seeing or doing & M - Thinking skills include : 1 things that is characterised 7 · problem solving by 4 component : 1 job task planning and organizing Fluency (generating many ideas · finding information Chapter 10 : 2 Flexibility (shifting perspective easily ( · critical thinking THINKING SKILL 3 Originality (conceiving of something new · significant use of memory and decision 4 Elaboration (building on other ideas Critical thinking L L W & -use of cognitive skills and strategies 4 essential components of Problem solving Type of thinking skill Thinking skills that increase the probability of a desirable critical thinking Process of problem solving 1 focusing skills Levels of thinking 1 Develop your inference information gathering skills remembering - outcome. 1 specify the problem 2 - create logical connections btwn 2 analyze the problem 3 remembering skills -understanding L How to improve what you observe/know and what formulate possible ↑ -applying critical thinking 3 organising skills 3 important to improve critical you do not know 5 analysing analyzing - components solutions skills opinions & beliefs evaluating - thinking : 2 Examine your ↑ evaluate possible 6 generating skills creating - 1 theory open your mind to new ways 7 integrating skills - solutions 2 practise of thinking - choose a solutions 8 evaluating skills using levels of thinking 3 3 attitude Recognize emotional appeals - analysing evaluating and , evaluate logically and clearly creating involve critical - ↑ Look for what is not said thinking some may deliberately omit - essential information