Fire Fighting Systems PDF

Certified Cybersecurity Technician Network Security Controls — Physical Controls Exam 212-82 Fire Fighting Systems Types of Fire Fighting Systems Active fire protection (manual or automatic) Q a. Passive fire protection (structural consideration). QO Use of fire-resistant construction materials Fire...

Certified Cybersecurity Technician Network Security Controls — Physical Controls Exam 212-82 Fire Fighting Systems Types of Fire Fighting Systems Active fire protection (manual or automatic) Q a. Passive fire protection (structural consideration). QO Use of fire-resistant construction materials Fire detection * * Q Compartmentalization of the overall buildin Smoke, flame and heat detectors b o ressi - _ O Emergency exits o Q Minimizing inflammable sources Fire extinguisher * Standpipe system * Sprinkler systems. O Maintenance of fire fighting systems Q Emergency procedures Q Educating the occupants Water A Ordinary solid combustibles B Flammable liquids & gases E Electrical equipment D Combustible metals K Oils and fats Y Dry Chemical | Wet Chemical Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Fire Fighting Systems Fire is an incident that can occur with or without warning and is usually attributed to man-made errors, short circuits, and defective or faulty equipment. Fire protection is an important aspect of physical security. Firefighting systems mainly detect fire incidents and alert the occupants to them. Fire incidents may be identified either manually or automatically. The types of firefighting systems include the following. Active Fire Protection Active fire protection alerts the occupants of an organization regarding a fire incident. This type of fire protection system is generally used in commercial places, process industries, and warehouses to protect storage vessels, processing plants, etc. The main aim of implementing an active fire protection system is to control the spread of fire and extinguish it as soon as possible, thereby facilitating the clearance of occupants in an organization. The system requires a certain number of actions to handle fire incidents. These actions may be performed either manually or automatically. Certain active fire systems include water sprinklers, fire/smoke alarm systems, spray systems, and fire extinguishers. Fire/smoke alarms indicate the presence of any fire or smoke in the building. Water sprinklers reduce the spread of fire, and fire extinguishers help put out fire. Water sprinklers fall under the category of automatic fire protection systems, whereas extinguishers and standpipes fall under the category of manual fire protection systems. fire Active fire protection systems include the following. = Fire detection system: A fire detection system helps detect a fire incident before allowing the fire to spread. Module 06 Page 631 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Gouncil All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Network Security Controls - Physical Controls Exam 212-82 Automatic fire detection systems include the following components. o Smoke detectors: Smoke detectors generally detect smoke and send alerts about the suspected fire incident in an organization. Upon detection of smoke, the detectors send an alarm to the fire alarm control panel or generate an audio/visual alarm. Flame detectors: Flame detectors mainly detect flames in a fire incident. Flame detectors normally include sensors that detect flames. The working of a flame detector is as follows: e Analarm is generated on fire flame detection. e Gas supply is cut through the fuel line. e The fire suppression system is activated. Flame detectors work more efficiently and faster than smoke detectors and heat detectors. Heat detectors: Heat detectors are used to detect and respond to the thermal energy generated by fire incidents. Heat detectors are further classified into fixedtemperature heat detectors and rate-of-rise heat detectors. Fire suppression: A fire suppression system is used to extinguish fire without much human intervention. Fire suppression systems regulate destruction and device loss. They can be classified into manual and automatic. Commonly used fire suppression systems include the following. o Fire extinguisher: Fire extinguishers aim to extinguish fires at the initial stage. They are not useful in the case of a fire covering a large area. A fire extinguisher normally consists of an agent that is discharged inside a cylindrical vessel. Fire extinguisher systems need to be checked often to ensure that they work properly in case of fire. Fire extinguishers are usually inspected yearly or bi-yearly by trained professionals. They can also be recharged. Dry chemicals, water, wet chemicals, water additives, clean agents, and carbondioxide are used as agents in fire extinguisher systems. Below table provides details for selecting the proper extinguisher based on various types of fire sources. Module 06 Page 632 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Network Security Controls - Physical Controls Exam 212-82 Suppressant Fire ) Class i Fire Source Ordinary solid combustibles Water ) | Foam Dry A Wet |. Chemical | Chemical oan Agents and CO; \ Y ) Y Y. Y Special. Chemicals \ Flammable B liquids & gases C Elec_trlcal equipment 5 Combustible metals v K Oils and fats Y y Y Table 6.1: Classification for Fire Extinguishers o Standpipe system: Standpipe systems connect hose lines to the water supply. They provide a pre-piped water system for organizations as well as water supply to hose lines in certain locations. The three types of standpipe systems are Class | — A, Class |l — A, and Class Ill — A. These types differ in terms of the thickness of the hose lines used and the volume of water used for fire suppression. o Sprinkler system: Fire sprinkler systems maintain a water supply system to supply water to a water distribution piping system that controls sprinklers. The sprinklers are used to avoid loss to human lives and assets. These are mainly used in areas that firefighters cannot reach with their hose lines. Wet-pipe fire sprinklers are not optimal for sub-freezing areas because any damage to sprinklers or piping may lead to water leakage and water damage. As an alternative solution, the following fire sprinklers can be used. o Dry-pipe sprinklers: Dry-pipe sprinklers are generally used in locations where freezing is expected, i.e., where the temperature is below 40 °F. Dry-pipe systems are suitable for sub-freezing environments as nitrogen or air is maintained completely within the pipe. When the sprinkler is activated, the nitrogen or air is released from the activated pipe, minimizing the pressure, and water is released from the sprinkler. o Pre-action sprinklers: Pre-action sprinklers are employed in locations that are susceptible to water damage; they reduce accidental water discharges. Similar to dry-pipe sprinklers, pre-action pipes maintain nitrogen or air within the pipes or sprinklers, but in contrast to dry-pipe sprinklers, pre-action sprinklers hold the water from the sprinkler using electrically operable valves. The valves are operated based on the alerts received from detection systems. Module 06 Page 633 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EG-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited. Certified Cybersecurity Technician Network Security Controls — Physical Controls o Exam 212-82 Deluge system: A deluge system can be used in highly dangerous areas where high volumes of water are required to control fire or heat. In a deluge system, sprinkler heads are always open; hence, pipes are not pressurized. Like pre-action sprinklers, they are also managed by electrically operable valves. Upon activating the system, water fills into the sprinklers and is released immediately and simultaneously over the entire environment. Foam-water sprinkler system: It is a special type of sprinkling system that contains “foam-water” sprinklers that release a solution or mixture of foam and water at a specified flow rate when activated. Foam-water sprinkler systems are generally used in environments containing flammable liquids. Such systems are also managed automatic deluge valves that are activated by a heat detection device, and by the solution is distributed across the environment that needs to be protected. Clean-agent suppression system: This type of system employs an inert gas or chemicals to control a fire that is in the initial stage of growth or development. A clean-agent suppression system can be used in public places where no costly clean- up is needed after its discharge. The cleaning agents are stored in a liquid or gas form and are released as a cleaning solution to suppress the fire before it causes severe damage. Passive Fire Protection Passive fire protection systems are used to prevent fire from spreading further across the organization. Fire-resistant doors, windows, and walls may be used for passive fire protection. It facilitates the protection of the building’s occupants and reduces the rate of damage due to the fire. Passive fire protection systems do not need to be activated by other systems, and no operational assistance is required in implementing passive fire protection systems. = = Passive fire protection is implemented in the following ways: o Minimal use of flammable materials o Building additional floors and rooms in a building to slow down the spread of fire o Providing adequate training to the occupants regarding the procedures to follow in case of fire o Proper maintenance of fire-related systems o Adequate number of emergency exits The following are the steps to manage fire incidents: o Detect fire. o Evacuate occupants in the building to a safe location. O Notify the fire department and safety department regarding the fire. o Shut down all electrical and electronic systems to prevent the fire from spreading. Module 06 Page 634 Certified Cybersecurity Technician Copyright © by EC-Council All Rights Reserved. Reproduction is Strictly Prohibited.