CHAPTER 5 - Part 1.pdf

PRINTING COMES TO EUROPE  Wring gave humaniity a means of storing, retreiving and documenting knowledge and information that transcended time and place; typographic printing allowed the economical and multiple production of alphabet communication....

PRINTING COMES TO EUROPE  Wring gave humaniity a means of storing, retreiving and documenting knowledge and information that transcended time and place; typographic printing allowed the economical and multiple production of alphabet communication. Knowledge spread rapidly, and literacy increased as a result of this remarkable invention. Meggs & Purbis. Megg's History of Graphic Design  Xylography The technical term for the relief printing form a raised surface The technique of engraving wood for purely artistic purposes "xyl-" - wood "-graphie" - writing in a specifica manner  Typography Printing with independent, movable, and reusable bits of metal or wood, each of which has a raised letterform on one face  A simple two-hundered Emergence of literates paged book required four High demand or five months of labor by a scribe The need for a better mode of production The parchment that is made out of sheep skin is worth more than a scribe's wages. The state of literacy Lettering Decorative intialing Gold ornamentaton Proofreading Binding 1424 122 manuscripts are available in the University of Cambridge, England Publishing was mostly done by the church. But due to the high demand independent merchants stepped in. Despite all of this efforts the demands Scribes working in a medieval scriptorium, from a for the production of manuscript in the Biblioteca de San Lorenzo de El manuscipts was not met. Escorial, Madrid, Spain, c. 1350. (Courtesy of medievalfragments.wordpress.com). A 15th century scriptorium would not have been significantly different in appearance or operation. https://www.historyofinformation.com/image.php?id=2245 From China to Europe the developement of paper made from rags and other plant materials revolutionized the way books were made and paved the way for modern printing technology Paper making from Asia to Europe 751 CE Papermaking in Samarkand which became a paper making center. Then it spread across Baghdad & Damascus 10th Century Papermaking made its way to Egypt 1102 Paper making reached Sicilly Mid 12th Century Paper making was introduced to Spain by the Moors 1276 Establishment of papermill in Fabriano, Italy 1282 Watermark Watermarks were used in Italy USES Identification of manufacturer Watermark or the paper grade Design produced by creating Detection and prevention of a variation in the thickness of counterfeiting and forgery paper fibre during the wet- paper phase of papermaking. This design is clearly visible when the paper is held up to TRANSLUCENT a light source. Produced by a wire design laid over and sewn onto the sheet mold wire (for handmade paper) or attached to the “dandy roll” (for machine-made paper). SHADED This rare watermark is produced by a depression in the sheet mold wire, which results in a greater density of fibres— 1348 hence, a shaded, or darker, design when Establishment of papermill held up to a light. in Troyes, France https://www.britannica.com/technology/watermark Used as identity symbols for craftsmen, papermills, and religious subjects. TRADEMARK Mermaids, unicorns, animals, flowers, and heraldic shields were frequent design motifs.