Chapter 5 Lesson 2 PDF

What Is a Food Chain? Why It Matters... Zip! A frog’s long, sticky tongue flicks out of its mouth and captures an insect—the frog’s next meal. What might the insect have eaten for its last meal? And will another living thing eat the frog? All animals must eat food, and most animals are food for othe...

What Is a Food Chain? Why It Matters... Zip! A frog’s long, sticky tongue flicks out of its mouth and captures an insect—the frog’s next meal. What might the insect have eaten for its last meal? And will another living thing eat the frog? All animals must eat food, and most animals are food for others. K B4$. Chapter : PREPARE TO INVESTIGATE Inquiry Skil I Classify When you classify, you sort things into groups according to their properties. Materials plant and anima’ picture cards string scissors construction-paper Sun transparent tape food-Chain Mobile procedure o Collaborate Work in a group. Use tape to attach a paper Sun to a string. Cut out a set of picture cards. Find the two living things that 0 Classify use sunlight to make food. Use string STEP 2 and tape to hang one of these cards from the Sun. Look at the remaining picture cards. Find the animals that eat plants. Hang one of these cards from the hanging plant card. Now, find the animals that eat 0 Classify other animals. Hang one of these cards from the hanging plant-eater card. You have made a model of a food chain. A food chain shows how organisms get energy 0 Use Models Cut the string that connects the plant card to the plant-eater card. 0 Repeat steps 2—4 with the other cards. Conclusion I 1. Infer How could you organize your mobile using other card groupings? 2. Use Models Think about step 4. How would animals be affected if the plants they ate died out? —Investigate More! Research Choose a plant-eating animal from your mobile. Do research to learn which plants this animal eats. Find out which animals eat this animal. Make a mobile to present to the class. Food Chains VOCABULARY food chain producer consumer carnivore herbivore omnivore p. 850 p. 851 MAIN IDEA When one animal eats another animal or eats a plant, it becomes part of the flow of energy in a food chain. p. 851 Links in the Chain p. 851 p. B51 Suppose you labeled each link of a paper chain with the name of an organism. If each organism was linked to an organism tha t it used for food, you would have a model of a food chain. A food chain is the path tha t energy takes through a community as one living thing eats another. All animals depend on plants for their energy. When an insect eats a plant and then a frog eats that insect, energy is passed from organism to organism. The plant produc ed its own food using the energy in sunlight. Some of the Sun’s energy captured by the plant passed to the insect and then to the frog. p. 851 READING SKILL Sequence Use the chart to trace the flow of energy in a food chain. Start with the Sun. L L E Savanna Food Chain IiJ - I ,I* 3 E B50 Chapter 5 Lesson 2. I -. partS of a Food Chain what organisms are part of a food chain, No matter is always the first link in the chain. Plants are the sun link. A plant is called a producer (pruJ DOO the secO1 because it produces its own food. An animal is a consumer (kuhn SOO mur). A living things in consuffl is an organism that eats other order to get energy. Consumers are classified by their food source. An animal that eats only other animals is a carfl1Vo (KAHR nuh vawr). LjoflS, hawks, and spiders ?fl n its are carnivores. An animal such as a zebra, horse, or deer that eats only plants is an herbivore (HUR buh vawr). An animal that eats both plants and animals is an omnivore (AHM nuh vawr). Most humans are omnivores, although some people are vegetarians. That means they don’t eat meat. Producers, carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores are all parts of a food chain. SEQUENCE chain? Why can’t a consumer be the first link in a food An African savanna is home to many producers and consumers. These organisms form links in different food chains. Grasses, bushes, and trees are the producers in the savanna. L ft Lions are carnivores. They hunt and eat zebras and gazelles. - ] Fire ants are omnivores that eat almost anything they can find. They eat grass seeds, small insects, and even small birds. ; T 772 , / B52 Chapter 5 Lesson 2 -I Ostriches are omnivores. They eat seeds, grasses, bushes, and tree leaves. Ostriches also eat small animals, such as mice. : :.*1-.- The rhinoceros, hippopotamus, giraffe, and zebra are all herbivores. They eat only plants...,J/7 w,— r t’’ A Oxpeckers are birds that are carnivores. They perch on the back of the rhinoceros and eat ticks that can harm it. ia Energy from Food How are the living things shown here linked by a flow of energy? Grass uses solar energy to make and store food in its cells. When cattle eat grass, some of the stored energy is transferred to the cells of the animal’s body. Some of this energy is stored in the cells, which may eventually end up in the meatballs. When a person eats this meal, some of the energy is transferred into that person’s cells. A tomato plant also uses solar energy to make food. When people eat tomatoes, some of the energy that was stored in the tomato is transferred to them. Spaghetti is made from wheat. Wheat plants use solar energy to make food. Humans get some of this stored energy when they eat spaghetti. Plants are always the first living link in a food chain. The person who eats a meal is the last link in the food chain. The energy from the food in this meal originally came from plant SEQUENCE What organisms are at the beginning of all food chains?.omato 10* 4 4 r_,\ v f/i 1 4 B54 Chapter 5 t 141 Lesson 2 Review OMAIN IDEA What isa food chain? Plants are producers. Plants are the first living link in every food chain. 0 VOCABULARY Write a short paragraph using the terms producer and consumer. o READING SKILL: Sequence Describe the correct sequence of a food chain that has a carnivore, a producer, and an herbivore. Herbivores eat only plants. Carnivores eat only other animals. o CRITICAL THINKING: q I , Analyze What are the relationships among a carnivore, an herbivore, and an omnivore? Animals that eat plants and also eat other animals are omnivores. o INQUIRY SKILL: Classify Suppose an animal eats only mosquitoes. Is the animal a producer or a consumer? If you classify it as a consumer, what kind of consumer is it? 1for Home and School I MATH Multiply With 100 One 8-pound eagle must eat 8 rabbits to get enough energy to survive. Each rabbit must eat 1 00 pounds of grass. How many pounds of grass must be in the food chain so that one eagle can get enough energy? rIE5I PREP Which of the following is an example of an herbivore? A. rabbit B. lion LITERATURE Write a Song Or Poem Some poems or songs repeat lines, and then add a new line at the end of each Verse. One popular song of this kind is “I Knew an Old Lady Who Swallowed a Fly.” Write a Song or a rhyme about a food chain using this repeating style. C. maple tree D. hawk 2 Technology Visit www.eduplace.com/scpl to discover more about food chains. (;5) Technology Exploring Underwater In 1977, a submersible called Alvin allo wed scientists to dive deeper than ever before. Scientists used the Alvin to explore the bottom of the ocean. There, they discovered many new life forms, including the giant tubeworm. Tubeworms are worms that can be as lon g as 2.4 m (8 ft). They have no mouth or eye s. Until the discovery of the tubeworm, scientists bel ieved that all food chains began with energy from the Sun. When scientists studied this amazing ani mal, they learned something that surprised them. Tubeworms contain bacteria that change chemicals in the water into food for the tubeworms. The Alvin was built in 1964. It was rebuilt and improved in 1977. These changes made it possible for the Alvin to dive to the ocean floor. B56 Chapter 5 Lesson 2 ) READING READING CHECK What was the importance of the Alvin? WRITE ABOUT IT Write a paragraph explaining how a food chain with a tubeworm is different from a food chain with a land animal. TALK ABOUT IT Discuss an invention that has helped people make discoveries or learn new things.