Linguistics: Introduction to The Sounds of Language - Chapter 2 PDF
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This document provides an introduction to the sounds of language, a fundamental element of Linguistics. It details voice types, articulation types, and vowel characteristics. The information is presented in a clear and organized format, helpful for understanding the categorization and classification of different sounds in human languages and could be suitable for students in linguistics courses.
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Introduction to Linguistics Chapter 2: The Sounds of Language Contents Voicing Manner of Articulati on Place of Vowels Articulati on Voicing refers to whether the...
Introduction to Linguistics Chapter 2: The Sounds of Language Contents Voicing Manner of Articulati on Place of Vowels Articulati on Voicing refers to whether the vocal cords vibrate when producing a sound Voiced sounds Adam’s apple Voiceless sounds Minimal pairs Place of Articulation airflow restriction occurs during the production of a consonant sound Place of Articulation Place Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v Manner of Articulation The way airflow is modified or obstructed in the vocal tract to produce different consonant sounds. Place Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v Manner Stops Fricatives Affricates Nasals Liquids Glides Fulfill the chart Place Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v Manner Stops Fricatives Affricates Nasals Liquids Glides p b t d n j θ ð s z ʃ ʒ w f v tʃ dʒ l,r ŋ m h k g Place Bilabial Labiodenta Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal l Manner -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v -v +v Stops p b t d k g Fricatives f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h Affricates tʃ dʒ Nasals m n ŋ Liquids l,r Glides w j Manner of Fricatives: Articulation Stops (Plosives): Nasals: Liquids: Affricates: Glides (Approximants): A. Partial closure of the vocal tract allowing air to flow around the tongue B. Combination of a stop followed by a fricative C. Complete blockage of airflow followed by a release D. Minimal obstruction of airflow, similar to vowels E. Narrowing of the vocal tract to create turbulent airflow F. Airflow passes through the nose due to the lowering of the velum Manner of Articulation Stops (Plosives): C Fricatives: E Nasals: F Liquids: A Affricates: B Glides (Approximants): D A. Partial closure of the vocal tract allowing air to flow around the tongue B. Combination of a stop followed by a fricative C. Complete blockage of airflow followed by a release D. Minimal obstruction of airflow, similar to vowels E. Narrowing of the vocal tract to create turbulent airflow F. Airflow passes through the nose due to the lowering of the velum Vowels Speech sounds produced without significant constriction of airflow in the vocal tract. Tongue Height: High (close), mid, or low (open) position of the tongue. Tongue Position: Front, central, or back position in the mouth. Lip Rounding: lips rounded/ unrounded during vowel production. Tenseness: Tense vs. lax vowels - the muscle tension and duration during articulation. Complete the chart Position Front Central Back Height (unrounded) (unrounded) Unrounded Rounded High Tense Lax Mid Tense Lax Low Tense Lax /iː/ /ɪ/ /ʌ/ /uː/ /ʊ/ /e/ /ɒ/ /ɑː/ /ɔː/ Position Front Central Back Height (unrounded) (unrounded) Unrounded Rounded High Tense /iː/ /uː/ Lax / ɪ/ /ʊ/ Mid Tense /ɜː/ Lax /e/ /ə/,/ʌ/ /ɔː/ Low Tense /ɑː/ Lax /æ/ /ɒ/ Key Concepts Summary 1. Differentiating between voiced and voiceless sounds. 2. Understanding the importance of place and manner of articulation in categorizing consonant sounds. 3. Distinguishing between different types of vowels based on tongue position and lip rounding. Homework Contrast English vowel and consonant sounds with Vietnamese ones
