Eukaryotic Pathogens and Cell Structures PDF

Eukaryotic Pathogens and their Cell Structures Eukaryotic Pathogens Humans are considered Prokaryotes eukaryotic organisms.  Sewall need Cilid - Fungi...

Eukaryotic Pathogens and their Cell Structures Eukaryotic Pathogens Humans are considered Prokaryotes eukaryotic organisms.  Sewall need Cilid - Fungi X unique to fungi Protozoa X ↓ ↓ Helminths X X X  Eukaryotic Pathogens May be Always Always unicellular or unicellular multicellular multicellular Pro to zo a Helminths Fungi (worms ( Malaria is caused by at can make cysts - not human body cyst Giardia lamblia Yeast Tapeworm What other pathogen group is also always unicellular? ( protozoa + bacteria Structure of a Eukaryotic Cell  Structure of a Eukaryotic Cell Do eukaryotic organisms have a cell wall? yes ; but not all have a cell wall.  Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Flagella Prokaryotic Flagella Structure: Made of flagellin protein subunits Single coiled tube of proteins · Hallow on the inside Movement: like motion · propeller compare and contrast between bacteria and eukaryotic  Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Flagella Eukaryotic Flagella ! Structure: Made of microtubules 9 + 2 arrangement q = outer rings 2 inner rings Thicker and longer Movement: · wave like motion (whips back and forth) Which eukaryotes have a flagella? Protozoas Video  Cilia Structure – Similar to flagella – Shorter and more numerous Function · motility ↳ some protozoans have cilia instead of flagella  Ribosomes (eukaryotic) Structure How do they – Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins compare to Function prokaryotic ribosomes? – Protein synthesis (18s v. EUK 80s. Density is different Complete 80S ribosome 60S 40S  "unicellular Microscopic Fungi " form of fungi Yeasts (unicellular) – round or oval cells & cell is one one single entity Molds (multicellular) – composed of hyphae (multicellular form of a fungi. name of colonies x mycelium (mass of hyphae "fuzzy" is mycelium S Budd Hyphae 6 Budding : (thread-like filaments ( a sexual reproduction in yeast 000000 0000000000 detached by can be 00508 H28 air , ↑ spores  Y spores get breathed Microscopic Fungi in and turn into yeast (Di(z) , morphe-form changing Dimorphic fungi: can exist as yeast or mold depending on growth conditions · depends on temperature Mold at room temp I · Pathogenic Fungi. not all are dimorphic Yeast at body temp.  Fungal Spores Fungal spores are used by molds for reproduction ↳ not endospores !! Just don't memorize to show variety in spores ! Compact and light weight à dispersed by air, water, and living things  Fungal Infections study of fungi mycology = Mycosis: a disease caused by a fungus Fever -Valley Primary (true) pathogen à Coccidioides immitis ↳ any time , anywhere Opportunistic pathogen à Candida spp. possibly due to antibiotics ↳ only stick when you give them the chance wi microbiome messing. over growing grows in dirt. Oral thrush caused by Spores of C. immitis under Candida spp. the microscope Protozoa ↳ lots are 61 problems Most don’t cause disease ~ active feeding stage of protozoa Trophozoite: motile feeding stage requiring food and moisture Cyst - like an endospore ! Giardia lamblia – Dormant resting stage, formed when environment is unfavorable – Tough outer layer helps them survive harsh conditions Whether or not they make a cyst depends.. persists within it on the environment Do bacteria make cysts? Ng What about fungi? Persons infection is capable Plasmodium sp. of making cyst = protozoa !  Protozoa Lifecycle (general) and endospores cyst plus their. creation is different  Let’s think about this… Compare and contrast endospores vs. fungal spores vs. protozoan cysts Endospores Fungal Spores Protozoan Cysts proto zo an Fungi · bacteria · · protection reproduction · protection · · When ↳ the environment I survive when is unstable/unfavorable help the environment · made outside of · "middle resistance" the cell. · made inside the cells ↳ released when bacteria dies. · most resistant · least resistant most susceptible to environmental stress compared and to  Helminths Two groups: Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 3 Just know common Platypus Nati ↳ Flat or ! Nematodes (roundworms) names for now worms (helminths) are always multicellular !  Also known as Flatworms ! sexes are in same body Platyhelminths important ↳ more later Cestode (segmented) eggs will persist in I can see the the environment until segments it finds the proper host can clog the bile duct multicellular ! organs in has male and reproductive each female sex characteristics segment Trematode (non-segmented) not nematode detaches w/ bile movement. and eggs are released a !  Nematodes S sexes are separate ! Non-segmented; Separate sexes  Helminths Lifecycle (general) larvae adultworm egg > - - getting exposed to either man can get you sick ! Adult Egg or larva may be worm infectious to humans eggs-larva Definitive host Intermediate host: egg Intermediate develops into the larvae host Environment eggs in digestive tract - larvae into muscles stay incow advwor definitive Definitive host: larvae Larva Egg develop into adult worm depends on which stage the worm is J going through intermediate host How do eggs or larvae get into the human body? burrow through skin , ingesting eggs or larva don't need to know in detail : 1. egg is ingested , larvae is developed in intestinal tract > - once it reaches the Helminth Life Cycle anus the larva hatches and becomes an a dult worm - > inoculation occurs where the adult comes from egg nematode ! Enterobius vermicularis = pinworm What kind of host are humans? both intermediate is definitive fertilized eggs are picked up by the same of different Kid female egg travels through Anus touches everything ! Stape test - Life Cycle of Chlonorchis sinensis  Life Cycle of Chlonorchis sinensis What is the intermediate host of Chlonorchis sinensis? Why? the snail. hatch into snails digestive system eggs and become larvae. What is the definitive host of Chlonorchis sinensis? Why? The definitive host is the human. Not the fish cause the larva latch onto its "transport host" and the human it and then it becomes an adult worm ingests. After successfully completing this learning unit, you will be able to: 1. Name the three eukaryotic pathogens: protozoa, fungi, and helminths. 2. Identify structures found in eukaryotic cells and not found in prokaryotic cells. 3. Compare and contrast eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic flagella in structure and function. 4. Describe the structure and function of eukaryotic ribosomes and cilia. 5. Differentiate between yeasts and molds in regards to structure and reproduction. 6. Define the terms dimorphic fungi and mycosis. 7. Compare and contrast endospores vs. fungal spores vs. cysts in regards to function. 8. Describe the general lifecycle of a helminth. 9. Differentiate between an intermediate and definite host. 10. Describe the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis. 11. Conclude whether a pathogen is a protozoan, fungi, or helminth based on unique characteristics of each pathogen.