Chapter 4 - Computer Software_0136f3ec918aa9e9d1590abb0633e53a.pdf

Chapter 4 Computer Software 1 Objectives: Differentiate among the forms through which software is available Categories of application software Define system software and identify the two types of system software Types of an operating system Utility programs...

Chapter 4 Computer Software 1 Objectives: Differentiate among the forms through which software is available Categories of application software Define system software and identify the two types of system software Types of an operating system Utility programs 2 3.1 Overview of software Software (program) is a series of instructions that tells a computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. Software can be divided into 2 main categories: ’ Application software ’ System software 3 3.2 Application software An application, or app sometimes called application software, consists of programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist with personal tasks. 4 3.2 Application software Retail software Application Custom software software is Form of software Web app available in a variety of Mobile app forms: Mobile web app Shareware Freeware Open source software Public domain software 5 A. Retail software Itis a mass produced, copyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety users, not just a single user or company. Is a copyrighted and sold to a wide variety of users. 6 B. Custom software Design to meet the needs of a specific business or industry Usually costs expensive than retail software. 7 C. Web app Application stored on a web server that you access through a browser. Some can be accessed locally offline. some free, some charge one time fee, while others charge monthly or yearly. 8 D. Mobile App You download from a mobile device’s app store or other location on the Internet. Some free, some charge you a few dollars 9 E. Mobile Web App Is a web app that is optimized for display in a browser on a mobile device, regardless of screen size or orientation. 10 F. Shareware  Copyrighted software that it is distributed at no cost for a trial period To use a shareware program beyond that period, you send payment to the program developer. In some cases, a scaled-down version of the software is distributed free, and payment entitle the user to the fully functional product. 11 G. freeware  Copyrighted software provided at no cost by an individual or a company that retains all rights to the software  Freeware indicates the software has no charge. 12 H. Open Source software Software free (NO COST) available to anyone in a form that can be easily modified The software has no restrictions from the copyright holder regarding modification of the software’s internal instructions and its redistribution. 13 I. Public Domain Software The software has been donated for public use Anyone can copy or distribute to others at no cost charge. Can be copied, sold, and/or modified Poor quality or unreliable 14  Conclusion: Variety forms of application Cost Copyrighted? software 1. Retail Software - Inexpensive Y 2. Custom Software - Expensive Y 3. Open Source Software - Free N 4. Shareware - Free (for a trial period) Y - Free (for a scale down version) - Payment required for a fully functional product 5. Freeware - Free Y 6. Public-domain software - Free N 7. Web-based software / Web - Free Y application - Some charge a fee 15 3.2.1 Categories of Programs and Apps 16 A. Productivity Applications Software that assists people in becoming more effective and efficient while performing daily activities at work, school, and home. Word Spreadsheet Database Presentation Processing software software software software Calendar Note taking Document Project and contact software management management management 17 B. Graphics and Multimedia Software Software that allows power users, such as engineers, architects, desktop publisher, graphic artists, to work with graphics and multimedia project. 18 C. Personal Interest Applications Most of the programs in this category are relatively inexpensive; many are free or open source, and available for download from web sites or a device’s app store. Some applications focus on a single service, while others provide several services in a single applications. 19 C. Personal Interest Applications Lifestyle Medical Entertainment Convenience Education application applications Applications applications applications Access Obtain Run a latest news Track or sports Listen to driving simulation, exercise direction, assist scores, activity, music, radio, play use phone children check count games as a with weather calories flashlight reading forecasting 20 D. Communications Applications Communications is the process of sharing/exchanging info between 2 or more computers. Web Browser E-Mail Instant Chat Room Messaging Text, Picture, Newsgroup/ Video Video Message Messaging Conferencing Board 21 E. Security Tool To protect computers and mobile devices Security tools include personal firewalls, antivirus programs, malware removers, and Internet filters. Personal Firewal Antivirus Malware Internet Removers Filters 22 E. Security Tool Personal Firewall ’ Detects and protects a personal computer and its data from unauthorized intrusions 23 E. Security Tool Antivirus Programs ’ Protects a computer against viruses by identifying and removing any computer viruses found in a memory, storage media or on incoming files. 24 E. Security Tool Malware removers 1. Spyware remover – detects and deletes spyware 2. Adware remover – detects and deletes spyware, adware, and other malware 25 E. Security Tool Internet Filters Anti-spam programs Filtering programs that attempt to remove spam before it reaches your inbox. Web filters Restricts access to certain material on the web. Phishing filter Warns or blocks you from potentially fraudulent or suspicious websites. Pop-up and Pop-Under blockers Stops pop-up or pop-under ads from displaying on webpages. 26 F. File, Disk, and System Management Tools To perform maintenance type tasks related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs, you can use one or more file, disk and system management tools. 27 3.3. System software Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices and it enable the application software to run Types of systems software ’ Operating systems ’ Utility programs 28 3.3.1 Operating system A set of programs that coordinate all of the activities among the computer’s hardware components. Once a computer is started, the operating system is loaded (copied) from the computer’s hard drive into memory. It then will coordinates all the activities of the computer including running applications and transferring data among input and output devices and memory. 29 30  3.3.2 Operating Systems Functions provide a user manage start the computer interface programs administer security manage memory control a network establish an schedule jobs provide file management and monitor Internet and configure other utilities performance connection devices 31 31  A. Starting and Shutting Down Computers and Mobile devices Starting or restarting a computer is called booting Cold boot Warm boot turning on a computer that restarting a computer that has been powered off is already powered on 32 B. Providing user interface b) Providing a User Interface - A user interface controls how user enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen. Graphical User Interface ○ Most users today work with a graphical user interface. With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands 33 B. Providing user interface Command-line Interface ’ A user types commands represented by short keywords or abbreviations (such as dir to view a directory, or list of files) or presses special keys on the keyboard (such as function keys or key combinations) to enter data and instructions. 34 C. Managing Programs The OS also control HOW MANY PROGRAMS a user can run at any one time. An operating system can be single tasking or multitasking. ’ A single tasking OS allows only one program or app to run at a time. ’ A multitasking OS allows two or more programs or apps to reside in memory at the same time. 35 D. Managing Memory The purpose of memory management is to optimize the use of computer internal memory, i.e. RAM. If you run too many programs at the same time, it is possible to run out of RAM. 36 D. Managing Memory With VIRTUAL MEMORY, the OS allocates a portion of the hard disk, to function as additional RAM. Virtual memory is slower than RAM, therefore, users may notice the computer slowing down while it uses virtual memory. 37 E. Controlling a network  Allowscomputers in a network to send and receive data and share computing resources F. Administering Security Protection against unauthorized access Logins and passwords 38 G. Coordinating Tasks The OS determines the order in which tasks are processed. Example: If the processor sends 3 documents to a printer, the printer can print only one document at a time and store as many documents as its memory can handle 39  3.4 UTILITY PROGRAMS Utility programs, also known as Utility, is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type of tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its device, or its programs. 40 A. Image Viewer With an image viewer tool, users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file. Users can see images without having to open them in a paint or image editing program. 41  B. Disk Defragmenter  Is a tool that reorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the OS can access data more quickly and programs run faster.  When the contents of a file are scattered across two or more noncontiguous sectors, the file is fragmented.  Fragmentation slows down disk access and the performance of the entire computer.  Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing it so the files are stored in contiguous sectors, solves this problem. 42  A fragmented disk has many files stored in noncontiguous sectors A defragemented disk stored the files in contiguous sectors 43 44 C. Disk Cleanup A disk cleanup tool searches for and removes unnecessary files. Unnecessary files may include downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, deleted files, and unused program files. Operating systems usually include a disk cleanup tool. 45 46 D. File Compression A file compression tool shrinks the size of a file(s). A compressed file takes up less storage space than the original file. Compressing files frees up room on the storage media Makes the file size smaller, so sending the file is faster 47 E. Backup and Restore A backup tool allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or the contents of an entire storage medium to another storage location, such as another hard drive, optical disc, USB flash drive, or cloud storage Restore tool reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form. 48 49 THE END….. 50