Midterm Exam 02-Living-In-The-IT-Era-Lecture (PDF)

MIDTERM LIVING IN THE IT ERA  MIDTERM Computer in Our Daily Life  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: familiarize themselves with the computer number system; discuss the role of the ASCII code in computer systems; examine how a...

MIDTERM LIVING IN THE IT ERA  MIDTERM Computer in Our Daily Life  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: familiarize themselves with the computer number system; discuss the role of the ASCII code in computer systems; examine how a computer’s system bus works; identify the different computer network system and the wired and wireless connections; distinguish between system software and application application software; expalin the impact of computers on daily life  HOW COMPUTERS WORK The basic parts of a computer are the central processing unit (CPU), memory, a keyboard or other input device, and a screen or other output device. How does a computer add or subtract and how can its memory remember the answers it computer? A computer does not have a human  HOW COMPUTERS WORK Human language the computer can understand machine language. The human brain identifies the letters, numbers, and characters combined to create words and sentences but the computer does not recognize letters as letters of the alphabet; it sees the letter as a series of 0' and 1' called BINARY LANGUAGE  COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEMS Human use the decimal number system to count, measure and compute. The decimal number has 10 digits, such as 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, and 9 while a computer can understand two digits, a 0 and a 1. This type of number system is called the BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM, with the prefix bi, which means 2.  COMPUTER NUMBER SYSTEMS There are other types of number systems; OCTA NUMBER SYSTEM - octa mean uses 8 digits HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM - hexa means 6; deci means 10 meaning it uses 16 digits to represent values. These special number systems are merely way to bridge the computer’s binary language to understandable human (decimal) language since computer data can be HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA With the different types of number systems, it is important to understand how computers interpret the letters on the keyboard through the series of 0' and 1's. Depending on the standard used, the computer system converts characteristics from the keyboard. Refer to the following steps: 1. From the keyboard, pressure pads are typically found underneath each key. Upon typing a letter, the pressure HOW COMPUTERS INTERPRET DATA Majority of computer systems use the AMERICAN STANDARD CODE for INFORMATION INTERCHANGE (ASCII) for converting characters into 0's and 1's. The ASCII code is a 7-bit code used to represent letters, numbers, and basis special characters. The uppercase character ‘A’ is represented in ASCII as 0100 0001 in binary, 101 in octal, or 41 in  Computer programmers create programs so that computer can do specific tasks. People who writes program are PROGRAMMERS. Another term used for a program is CODES. Writing programs is called PROGRAMMING or CODING.  HOW COMPUTER COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER The computer monitor uses a wire to connect to the computer unit while the mouse wirelessly connects to the laptop, etc. Depending on the situation, computer uses different connection  SYSTEM BUS A computer system, on its own, communicates through what is called a system bus. A system bus is a pathway composed of cables and connectors used to carry data from a computer’s peripheral devices-monitor, keyboard, mouse, etc, - to the CPU and the main memory. Three types of buses: data bus,  DATA BUS A data bus can transfer data to and from the memory of computer, or into or out of the CPU. Examples of pieces of information that traverse the data bus include files transferred from a flash drive to the computer’s hard drive and a document sent to the printer for printing.  ADDRESS BUS It is used by the CPU to specify a physical address for instructions, files, and other devices within the computer system. e.g. in a given computer unit there are typically 6 to 8 USB ports. The address bus is responsible for checking which of the USB ports has a printer connected to it along with the mouse, keyboard, speakers, and even in an external drives.  CONTROL BUS It is used by the CPU to communicate with other devices within the computer system. As the address bus carries the location of the data being sent and the data bus carries the actual data being processed, the control bus carries the command instruction from the CPU. It is send status signal from the devices identifying if it is ready or not.  HOW COMPUTERS CONNECT TO OTHER COMPUTERS Computers are able to communicate with one another over networks. A computer network is an interconnection of two or more computers. This interconnection gives these computers the capability to share information and resources. There are several types of network, depending on the number of computer , how they used, and what type of technology THERE ARE SOME OF THE COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS: PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) - is a type of connection which is often limited to an individual person and his/her personal devices. Normally, these devices must be within the range of 10 meters with each other.. THERE ARE SOME OF THE COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS: WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) - may be less restrictive than LAN as rules and policies may differ within its coverage. A WAN may be made of several LANs and PANs. A WAN can also be made up of several more WANs. This is why WAN is considered synonymous to the internet. THERE ARE SOME OF THE COMPUTER NETWORK SYSTEMS: LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) - is a connection in which a group of computers and other devices, such as network printers, share a common communications line within a certain area such as a building or small campus. This computer server user access may be restricted to avoid unwanted users..  METHODS OF COMMUNICATION Connection are categorized into two wired communication and wireless communication. WIRED COMMUNICATION Different types of cables are used to connect to a given network. There are coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, Ethernet cables, and traditional telephone lines. WIRED COMMUNICATION USB Universal Serial Bus is a connection or interface that allows the computer to communicate with the system peripherals such as mouse, printer, etc. FIREWIRE It is a type of connector that can transmit data to and and from devices which have typical data rates, such as external hard drives. The transfer speed of a FireWire is WIRED COMMUNICATION ETHERNET CABLE An Ethernet cable transmit signals between a computer and network devices such as a router, switch, or other computers. SERIAL An RS-232 serial connection was once a standard feature of a personal computer used for connection to modem, printer, mouse, and other peripheral devices, Now it  WIRED COMMUNICATION Older computer units have connection that include the following: PARALLEL it is similar to serial connection, parallel connections were used before to connect other computer peripherals. PS/2 The PS/2 is a 6-pin connector used to connect the mouse and keyboard to a computer. It is color-coded to identify which peripheral will be connected to port. Purple for keyboard and  WIRED COMMUNICATION Older computer units have connection that include the following: VGA The 15-pin Video Graphics Array connector has been provided on many video cards, computer monitor, laptop computers and projectors. It is now slowly being phased out in favor of the faster and more compact HDMI connector. HDMI High-definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is a connector for transmitting audio/video data which are compatible to computers, projectors, and digital televisions.  WIRED COMMUNICATION Older computer units have connection that include the following: AUDIO JACKS The audio jacks are the 3.5 mm jacks used for the microphone (as input) and speaker (as output). It uses color codes to indicated the types. Pink: Mic in Blue: Line in Green: Front speaker out Black: or dark blue in some older boards Rear: Speaker out WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Wireless communications include microwave transmission, satellite communications, cellular transmission, and radio transmission such as WIFI connectivity. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) a professional technical association with members all across the globe identified standard 802.11 for WIFI and 80.15 for Bluetooth in the wireless WIRELESS COMMUNICATION WI-FI WI-FI used radio waves to wirelessly transmit information across a network. Wi-Fi’s signals are transmitted in frequencies between 2.5 and 5 gigahertz (GHz). BLUETOOTH It uses radio waves to connect to other devices. The connect via Bluetooth is called pairing. Paired devices are able to send and receive information within a given range which is HOW HUMANS COMMUNICATE WITH COMPUTERS HOW HUMAN COMMUNICATE WITH COMPUTER Reading a long string of 0's and 1's can be very confusing and taxing. People who invented the computer identified two areas in computer systems-computer hardware and computer software. Through computer software, humans are able to “communicate“ with the computer.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE It is a combination of instructions, data, and programs that the computer needs in order to do a specific task. Another term used for computer software is computer programs. Programs are set of codes or instructions which are usually designed or written by computer programmers using specific programming langauge.  COMPUTER SOFTWARE The most common type of programming language used by programmers is called object-oriented programming. This programming language includes Microsoft’s C# (pronounce as see-sharp), Sun Microsystem’s Java, and an open source programming language PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor).  COMPUTER SOFTWARE Programmers have two types of computer software (System software and Application software). Application software as most of the day-to-day tasks done in front of a computer involve application programs (e.g. MS Word, Adobe, Google Chrome, Apple’s iTunes). System software also called an Operating system (OS) is the most important software running on a computer since it manage the  SYSTEM SOFTWARE The most popular desktop system software or OS nowadays are Microsoft Window and Apple’s macOS. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC) the most popular mobile operating system as of 2016 is Android OS, acquiring 85% of the global market (IDC, 2017)  DIFFERENT TYPES OF APPLICATION PROGRAMS HOW COMPUTERS IMPACT EVERYDAY LIFE The advent of technologies specifically the development of information and communication technology has changed the lives of people. Computers permeate in everyday life as they used in various fields: schools, malls, and hospital among others.  EDUCATION Today, most elementary and secondary schools (public and private) and higher education institutions ( HEIs) have computers in their classroom. ICT has made things convenient and efficient for teachers, students, researchers, and school administrators. Electronic learning (e-learning) is the newest teaching methodology in which students and teachers can communicate and collaborate with each other through online discussion of  BANKING The computer has made all banking transactions around the world easier and more secure. The entire banking system as it includes 24-hour electronic banking services. This service includes: - Automated teller machine (ATM) - Cheque deposit - Electronic fund transfer - Direct deposit - Pay by phone system  WORKFORCE INDUSTRY Workers, researchers, and administrators benefit from ICT. It is used to expedite production planning and control systems to support chain management and to facilitate product design in the industrial sector. Machines that are fully computer-operated are now in use. ICT can be perceived as a threat to assembly-line and factory workers as robots or machines take over their jobs.  ELECTRONIC COMMERCE E-commerce helps boost the economy. With computers, internet, and shared software as the main tools needed, buying and selling activities are made easier, more efficient, and faster. Customers, sellers, and suppliers, all benefits from the ICT.  HOSPITAL The use of computers in hospitals offers many benefits to both doctors and patients. Hospital creates a patient’s database of health records, treatment records, and medical records. Through computing and monitoring technologies tests administered in hospitals such as blood tests, urine tests, ultrasound, MRI, X-ray and body scanning.  THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!! CHAPTER 3 THE INTERNET WORLD WIDE WEB  At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to: 01 trace the history of 04 perform search LEARNING the internet; functions on the web; OBJECTIVES 02 identify the ways to access and connect to the 05 create a personal web page. 03 internet; analyze how data travels through the internet;.  THE INTERNET The Internet define as a worldwide network connecting to a million computers via dedicated routers and servers. Now, most of the telephone companies all over the world function as internet service providers. PLDT is the largest network company. GLOBE Telecom has acquired Bayan  THE INTERNET According to the 2018 Global Digital suite of reports from We Are Social and Hootsuite, there are more than 4 billion people anywhere in the world connecting to the internet for various reasons.  THE INTERNET: THEN AND NOW The Internet started from the Advanced Research Projects Agency’s Wide Area Network which is called the ARPANET it was established by the US dept. of defense in the 1960's so that the military could collaborate with business and government laboratories. The advancement of hypertext-based technology known as WWW or simply as Web provides channel for displaying text, graphics,  Future Empowerment THE INTERNET2 ENVIRONMENT Internet2 is a not-for-profit networking consortium founded in 1996 by 34 university research institutions in the U.S. It provides a collaborative environment where U.S. research and education organization work together and develop advanced technologies and innovative solutions such as telemedicine, digital libraries, and virtual laboratories to assist education, research, and community  JOBS THE INTERNET CAN DO Internet has one simple job that internet does, and it is to move, transfer, or assign computerized information from one place to another. All this information is known as data. The Internet can handle different kinds of information and assist people to perform various jobs. from handling of email, searching a websites. sending messages to more sophisticated function of creating websites and programming possible through  HOW DATA TRAVELS THE INTERNET Data and information are transferred around the world through wired or wireless transmission media. Circuit switching is one of the most common schemes utilized to build a communication network, such as in the case of ordinary telephone calls. As the technologies are improved and developed as well most data moves over the WHAT COMPUTERS DO ON THE INTERNET A server is a computer that is designed to process any request for data and delivers data to other client computers over a local network or the internet. A client is a computer or device that gets information from a server. A computer that holds the user accounts, computer accounts, organizational units, and application services is called the Active WHAT COMPUTERS DO ON THE INTERNET Another machine that helps the Dynamics Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is a server that configures IPv4 and IPv6 addresses especially in giving names to each IP address up to its root recognition which is called domain name system (DNS). Machines that holds and manages documents is known as file server while the one that holds user’s mail services and Web services is referred to as Web Service II. A device that connects printers to client computers  THE WORLD WIDE WEB is referred to as the collection of public websites that are connected to the internet worldwide, together with the client computers which include personal computers, laptops, iPads, and cellular phones that access the internet. It is considered to be one of the applications in the internet and computer networks. It is based on 3 fundamental technologies that are said to be part of WWW development; Hypertext markup language (HTML), Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), Web  THREE FUNDAMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Hypertext markup language (HTML) - is a standard markup language used for creating web pages. HTML is classified as the set of markup symbols or code appended in a file intended for presentation on a World Wide Web browser page. Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) - is classified as the set of standards allowing users of the World Wide Web to interchange information seen on web pages. Web browsers - is a software application for recovering, presenting, and navigating SEARCHING FOR INFORMATION ON THE WEB A website is maintained by its owner, called a web administrator. The owner can modify the website content as well as add new information to it. However, no single organization controls addition, deletion, and changes to all websites. MOST USEFUL GOOGLE TRICKS From basic tips to new features Use quotes to search for an exact phrase Use an asterisk within quotes for specific unknown or variable words Use the minus sign to eliminate results containing certain words Search websites for keywords Compare using “vs” Use “DEFINE:” to search for the meaning of words Search images using images THANK YOU!!! “YOU CANNOT CHANGE YOUR FUTURE, BUT YOU CAN CHANGE YOUR HABITS, AND SURELY YOUR HABITS WILL CHANGE YOUR FUTURE” -