Victims and Victimization PDF

Victims and Victimization  Victimology: The study of the role of the victim in crime n Victim Precipitation Theory (Wolfgang) n victims initiate the confrontation that results in crime n Active: Come over here and say that! n Passive: Wrong place, wrong time....

Victims and Victimization  Victimology: The study of the role of the victim in crime n Victim Precipitation Theory (Wolfgang) n victims initiate the confrontation that results in crime n Active: Come over here and say that! n Passive: Wrong place, wrong time. n Lifestyle theories n high-risk life-style (drug dealer) n College student? n equivalent group (biker v. biker) n proximity (friend of a criminal) n deviant place (violent bar) Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 2  Victimology n Routine Activities (crime is a part of society) n available suitable target n lack of capable guardians n motivated offenders n Lifestyles and activities come together n “Ducks Dens and Wolves” http://www.hcso.tampa.fl.us/Articles/Articles/Hillsborough-County-Crime-Map.aspx Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 3  Costs n Property (e.g., bling) n Productivity n Medical bills n Insurance increase n Lower property values ($1 homes in Detroit) n Fear n Decreased quality of life Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 4 Costs Estimates (CJ system, medical, etc.): n Murder: $9m n Rape: $240k n Robbery: $42k n Household burglary: $6k n Stolen Property: $8k Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 5  Costs: Personal n Victim Fear n Victim Blame n Women more so n She “asked for than men it” n Behavioral change n Poor police/CJ n Relocation system response n “What were you n Trauma thinking?” Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 6  Costs: Societal n Crime begets criminal behavior and victimization n Alcohol/Drug abuse n PTSD: Posttraumatic stress disorder n Cycle of violence: Pass it down generation to generation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8vZxDa2KP M Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 7  Victim Characteristics n Highest among teens and “young adults” (e.g., 13-25) and men n The older we get, victimization decreases n 65 and older are the “2%ers” (violent crime) n Exceptions: fraud, purse snatching, check theft n Elder abuse n expected to grow. n Social status n Poverty correlated to victimization Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 8  Victim Characterization n Race and Ethnicity n Crime is intra-racial n White on white, black on black n African-Americans are more likely victimized n E.g., black males are 6% of pop., 56% homicides n Marital Status n Marriage reduces victimization n Factors: age, gender, lifestyle Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 9  Victim Characterization n “chronic victims” n Target vulnerability (e.g., elderly woman v. Brock Lesnar) n Target gratifiability (e.g., gold chains v. garden hose) n Target antagonism (come over here and say that!) Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 10  Personality Theories n Eddie is just a jerk! n Risk-taker n Obnoxious n low self-control n Prefer physical to mental orientation (i.e., violence or aggression is a first resort) Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 11  Lifestyle Theories n High Risk n Ybor v. church ice cream social n College n Drugs and alcohol! 65 Both, 85 at least 1 n High risk of sexual assault (women) n http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3648743/Jury-finds-Vanderbilt-football-player- Brandon-Vandenburg-GUILTY-raping-girl-dorm-room.html Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 12  Lifestyle theories n Criminal Lifestyle n Join a gang and or/ buy and sell drugs n Honor codes: retaliation Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 13  After the Crime n Victim Compensation n Victim Advocacy n Impact Statements n https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/06/stanford-sexual- assault-case-victim-impact-statement-in-full n Public Education n Reconciliation (Peacemaking) n Legal Protection (enforce the law) n Self-protection (Annie, get your gun!) Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 14  Summary n Sometimes victims are not blameless. n There are different costs associated with victimization. n Some people get trapped in the “cycle-of- violence” n Victims (and perps) tend to be young, males n College student risks (drugs and alcohol) n There are a number of causes/theories. Criminology: A Brief Introduction © 2011 Pearson Higher Education, Frank J. Schmalleger Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All Rights Reserved. 15