PHAR200 - Introduction to Drug Information - Lebanese International University - 2023 - 2024 PDF

Lebanese International University School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Department PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Spring Semester, 2023 - 2024  Chapters: 1. Medical Terminologies 2. Drug Evaluation Monograph 3. Pharmacist Patient Care Proce...

Lebanese International University School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Department PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Spring Semester, 2023 - 2024  Chapters: 1. Medical Terminologies 2. Drug Evaluation Monograph 3. Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) 4. Drug Information Resources 5. Drug Consult 6. Referencing 7. Drug Information Center (DIC) 8. Introduction to Biostatistics 9. Evaluation of Literature 10. Evaluation of Journal Club 11. Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines 2  School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Chapter 3: Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) 3  Goals Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process created to: Promote consistency across the profession Provide a framework for delivering patient care in any practice setting Be a contemporary and comprehensive approach to patient-centered care delivered in collaboration with other members of the health care team Be applicable to a variety of patient care services delivered by pharmacists, including medication management Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process Foundational Components: ✔ Establishment of patient-pharmacist relationship ✔ Engagement and effective communication with patient, family, caregivers ✔ Continually collaborate, document, and communicate with physicians and other health care providers ✔ Process enhanced by interoperable information technology systems that facilitate effective and efficient communication  Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process To accomplish this, pharmacists should use evidence-based medicine to: 1. Collect necessary subjective and objective information 2. Assess the collected information 3. Develop an individualized patient-centered plan 4. Implement the plan, monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process  Collect “The pharmacist assures the collection of the necessary subjective and objective information about the patient in order to understand the relevant medical/medication history and clinical status of the patient.”  Collect Collect: A current medication list and medication use history for prescription and nonprescription medications, herbal products, and other dietary supplements Relevant health data that may include medical history, health and wellness information, biometric test results, and physical assessment findings Patient lifestyle habits, preferences and beliefs, health and functional goals, and socioeconomic factors that impact access to medications and other aspects of care  Collect Subjective Information ✔ Collected from or communicated by the patient beliefs, feelings, goals, ideas, perceptions, preferences, values ✔ Demographics ✔ Histories ✔ Family, medical, medication, social, surgical ✔ Medication use and experience ✔ Reason for seeking care ✔ Symptoms  Collect Objective Information ✔ Observed or tested by a health care provider ✔ Data can be seen, heard, or measured ✔ Information is fact-based, quantifiable, and repeatable ✔ Diagnostic tests, laboratory reports ✔ Medication lists provided by institution or pharmacy ✔ Physical examination including auscultation, observation, palpation, percussion  Assess “The pharmacist assesses the information collected and analyzes the clinical effects of the patient’s therapy in the context of the patient’s overall health goals in order to identify and prioritize problems and achieve optimal care.”  Assess Assess: ✔ Each medication for appropriateness, effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence ✔ Health and functional status, risk factors, health data, cultural factors, health literacy, and access to medications or other aspects of care ✔ Immunization status and the need for preventive care and other health care services, where appropriate  Assess Drug-Related Problems: ❑ Medication adherence ❑ Medication appropriateness ❑ Medication effectiveness ❑ Medication safety  Plan “The pharmacist develops an individualized patient-centered care plan, in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregiver that is evidence-based and cost- effective.”  Plan The plan: ✔ Addresses medication-related problems and optimizes medication therapy ✔ Sets goals of therapy for achieving clinical outcomes in the context of the patient’s overall health care goals and access to care ✔ Engages the patient through education, empowerment, and self- management ✔ Supports care continuity, including follow-up and transitions of care as appropriate  Plan Determine the optimal solution to the patient’s problem Patient-Specific Variables Therapy-Specific Variables Age Dosage forms Allergies Flavor Economic status Ingredients Family/home dynamics Potential interactions Gender Price Medical conditions Relative effectiveness Medication history Side effects Preferences Social habits  Implement “The pharmacist implements the care plan in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregiver.”  Implement The pharmacist: ✔ Addresses medication- and health-related problems, and engages in preventive care strategies, including vaccine administration ✔ Initiates, modifies, discontinues, or administers medication therapy as authorized ✔ Provides education and self-management training to the patient or caregiver ✔ Contributes to coordination of care, including the referral or transition of the patient to another health care professional ✔ Schedules follow-up care as needed to achieve goals of therapy  Implement ✔ Address all medication- and health-related problems ▪ Adjust, administer, discontinue, initiate medications (as authorized) ✔ Educate ✔ Facilitate transitions of care ✔ Order labs/tests (as authorized) ✔ Recommend ✔ Refer Follow-up: Monitor and Evaluate “The pharmacist monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of the care plan and modifies the plan in collaboration with other health care professionals and the patient or caregivers as needed.”  Follow-up: Monitor and Evaluate Monitor and evaluate: ✔ Medication appropriateness, effectiveness, and safety and patient adherence through available health data, biometric test results and patient feedback ✔ Clinical endpoints that contribute to the patient’s overall health ✔ Outcomes of care, including progress toward or the achievement of goals of therapy