Aqaba Medical Sciences University Anatomy Study Chapter 3 PDF

Introduction to Anatomy Prepared By Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat Dr.Ala’a Yousef Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Aqaba Medical sciences university...

Introduction to Anatomy Prepared By Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat Dr.Ala’a Yousef Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Aqaba Medical sciences university 2024 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 1  1- shoulder 1- THE SKULL girdle 2- THE 2- The arm VERTEBRAL 3-The hand COLUMN 4-The leg 3-THE 5-The foot THORAX 6- Pelvis girdle 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 2  Bones of the axial skeleton 1- THE SKULL 2- THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN 3-THE THORAX 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 3 The Skull Only one moveable bone, the mandible which is united to the skull by the mobile Temporomandibular Joint The bones of the skull can be divided into: 1- Bones of the cranium (contain the brain) 2- Bones of the face The upper part of the cranium is The vault  The base of the skull is the lowest part of the cranium 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 4  Skull- Superior View Four bones united by four sutures. 4 bones: – Frontal – Occipital – 2 Partials 3 Sutures: – Coronal – Sagittal – Lambdoid 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 5  Base of the Skull The interior of the base of the skull is divided into three cranial fossae: 1-Anterior 2-Middle 3-Posterior 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 6  the thorax 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 7 THE THORACIC WALL 1-STERNUM 2- Ribs 3-The Vertebral Column 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 8 STERNUM Lies in the midline of the anterior chest wall  It is a flat bone  Divides into three parts: 1-Manubrium sterni 2-Body of the sternum 3- Xiphoid process 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 9 Ribs There are 12 pairs of ribs, all of which are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae. The ribs are divided into three categories: True ribs: The upper seven pairs are attached anteriorly to the sternum by their costal cartilages False ribs: The 8th, 9th, and 10th pairs of ribs are attached anteriorly to each other and to the 7th rib by means of their costal cartilages and small synovial joints. Floating ribs: The 11th and 12th pairs have no anterior attachment 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 10  the vertebral column 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 11  The Vertebral Column is composed of 33 vertebrae 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral (fused to form the sacrum) 4 coccygeal (the lower 3 are commonly fused) 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 12 A typical vertebra consists of: 1-a rounded body anteriorly 2-a vertebral arch posteriorly. They enclose a space called The vertebral foramen through which run the spinal cord and its coverings The vertebral arch gives rise to seven processes: a-One spinous b-Two transverse c- Four articular 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 13 Curves of the Vertebral Column Curves in the Sagittal Plane In the fetus, the vertebral column has one continuous anterior concavity After birth, when the child becomes able to raise his or her head and keep it poised on the vertebral column, the cervical part of the vertebral column becomes concave posteriorly Toward the end of the first year, when the child begins to stand upright the lumbar part of the vertebral column becomes concave posteriorly. 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 14 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 15  Abnormal Curves of the Vertebral Column Various conditions may exaggerate the normal curves of the vertebral column, or the column may acquire a lateral bend, resulting in abnormal curves of the vertebral column. Scoliosis : Kyphosis :(hump) Lordosis :bent the most common of the Is an increase in the backward abnormal curves is a lateral thoracic curve of the is an increase in the bending of the vertebral vertebral column lumbar curve of the column ,usually in the vertebral column thoracic region 10/26/2024 Prof.Amjad Alshatarat 16