Introduction to Anatomy Quiz

Introduction to Anatomy

• Course title: Introduction to Anatomy
• Prepared by: Prof. Amjad Al-Shatarat and Dr.Ala'a Yousef
• Department: Department of Biomedical Sciences
• Faculty: Faculty of Medicine
• University: Aqaba Medical Sciences University
• Year: 2024

The Axial Skeleton

• Skull: Supports and balances the head and provides protection
• Vertebral Column: Supports the body and protects the spinal cord
• Thorax: Protects the organs within the chest cavity

Appendicular Skeleton

• Shoulder Girdle: Supports the arm
• The Arm: Provides movement
• Hand: Facilitates fine motor skills
• Pelvic Girdle: Supports the leg
• The Leg: Provides support and movement
• Foot: Enables locomotion

Bones of the Axial Skeleton

• Skull: Parts include cranial and facial portions, and many immobile bones. The mandible is the only moveable bone.
• Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle: Made up of the clavicle and scapula
• Thorax: Sternum and ribs
• Vertebral Column: Forms the spine
• Pelvic Girdle: Forms the pelvis

The Skull (Detailed)

• Mobility: The mandible is the only mobile bone in the skull, allowing for movement in the temporomandibular joint
• Division: Bones can be divided into Cranium (brain case) and facial bones
• Cranium: Provides protection and enclosure of the brain.
• Vault: The upper part of the cranium, providing protection for the brain
• Base: The lowest section of the cranium
• Sutures: Immobile joints that hold the skull bones together

Skull- Superior View

• Bones: Frontal, Occipital, and two Parietal bones joined by sutures
• Sutures: Are immoveable joints where the bones are joined.

The Skull- (cont.)

• Temporalmandibular joint (TMJ) The only movable joint of the skull connected by the mandible which functions in chewing
• Bones of the Face: The remaining skull bones not a part of the skull

The Thorax

• Functions in protecting internal organs
• Composed of the Sternum, ribs, and vertebral column

The Thoracic Wall

• Sternum: A flat bone situated in the center of the chest.
• Ribs: 12 pairs of ribs providing protection and shape
• Vertebral Column: Supports and protects the spinal cord

The Sternum

• Parts: Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process
• Location: The center of the chest
• Function: Protects the vital organs

The Ribs

• Types: True, False, Floating
• Attachment: To the spine posteriorly, and in different ways to the sternum anteriorly.

The Vertebral Column

• Composition: 33 bones composed of vertebra types: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
• Sacrum: The fused sacral vertebrae
• Coccyx: The fused coccygeal vertebrae

A Typical Vertebra

• Body: Anterior portion of the vertebra
• Arch: Posterior portion of the vertebra
• Foramen: Opening formed by the arch, housing the spinal cord
• Processes: Spinal, transverse, and articular processes

Curvature of The Vertebral Column

• Fetal stage: One single curve.
• After Birth: Cervical, Thoracic and lumbar curves develop sequentially, helping to support bipedal posture
• Thoracic, Lumbar: Concave posteriorly

Abnormal Curves of the Vertebral Column

• Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine
• Kyphosis: Increased curvature in the thoracic region
• Lordosis: Increased curvature in the lumbar region