Consequences of Mass Extinctions PDF
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Uploaded by MesmerizedMoldavite7389
ANTH/LING
2021
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Summary
This document discusses the consequences of mass extinctions on ecological communities and lineages, highlighting how these events shape the course of evolution. It also explores the concept of adaptive radiation and its potential connection to mass extinctions and colonization of new regions.
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Consequences of Mass Extinctions (대멸종의 결과) • Mass extinction alters ecological communities and removes lineages, forever changing the course of evolution (대량 멸종은 생태계를 변화시키고 혈통을 제거하여 진화의 과정을 영원히 바꾸어 놓는다) • The type of organisms residing in a community can cha...
Consequences of Mass Extinctions (대멸종의 결과) • Mass extinction alters ecological communities and removes lineages, forever changing the course of evolution (대량 멸종은 생태계를 변화시키고 혈통을 제거하여 진화의 과정을 영원히 바꾸어 놓는다) • The type of organisms residing in a community can change with mass extinction (커뮤니티에 서식하는 생물의 유형은 대량 멸종으로 인해 바뀔 수 있다) 포식자 15% 포식자 22% Copyright © 2021 생태) Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 23.15 Mass Extinctions and Ecology (대멸종과 Adaptive Radiations (적응방산) • Adaptive radiation (적응방산) is the evolution of many diversely adapted species from a common ancestor (적응방산은 공통 조상으로부터 다양하게 적응한 많은 종의 진화이다) • Adaptive radiations may follow – Mass extinctions (대멸종) – The evolution of novel characteristics (새로운 특성의 진화) – The colonization of new regions (새로운 지역의 식민지화) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Worldwide Adaptive Radiations (범세계적 적응방산) • Mammals underwent adaptive radiation after the extinction of terrestrial dinosaurs (포유류는 육상 공룡이 멸종한 후 적응 방사선을 겪었다) • Notable radiations include the rise of photosynthetic prokaryotes, large predators in the early Cambrian, and plants, insects, and tetrapods on land (주목할 만한 적응방사에는 광합성 원핵생물, 캄브리아기 초기의 대형 포식자, 육지의 식물, 곤충, 네발 동물의 출현이 포함된다) 단공류 유대류 조상 견치류 진태반류 Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 23.16 Adaptive Radiation of Mammals (포유류의 적응방산) Regional Adaptive Radiations (지역적인 적응방산) • Adaptive radiations can occur when organisms colonize new environments with little competition (유기체가 경쟁이 거의 없는 새로운 환경에 서식할 때 적응방사가 발생할 수 있다) • The Hawaiian archipelago is one of the world’s great showcases of adaptive radiation (하와이 군도는 세계에서 가장 훌륭한 적응 방사선의 쇼케이스 중 하나임) Figure 23.17 Adaptive Radiation on the Hawaiian Islands (하와이제도의 적응방산 – tarweed, 은검초류 ) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Effects of Development Genes (발생 유전자의 효과) • Genes that program development influence the rate, timing, and spatial pattern of changes in an organism’s form as it develops into an adult (발달을 프로그래밍하는 유전자는 유기체가 성체로 발달할 때 형태 변화의 속도, 시기 및 공간적 패턴에 영향을 미친다) Changes in Rate and Timing (속도와 시기의 변화) • Heterochrony (이시성) is an evolutionary change in the rate or timing of developmental events (이시성은 발달의 속도 또는 시기의 진화적 변화) • It can have a significant impact on body shape – For example, the contrasting shapes of human and chimpanzee skulls are the result of small changes in relative growth rates (예를 들어, 인간과 침팬지 두개골의 대조적인 모양은 상대적인 성장률의 작은 변화로 인한 결과이다) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved