Chapter 2.2 Mineral Resources PDF

Lesson 2.2 Mineral Resources Minerals  identify the minerals 1 important to society; Objectives describe the mineral At the end of the 2 composition of some lesson, you common materials; and should be able to: discuss the...

Lesson 2.2 Mineral Resources Minerals  identify the minerals 1 important to society; Objectives describe the mineral At the end of the 2 composition of some lesson, you common materials; and should be able to: discuss the uses of 3 minerals.  Learn about It! Minerals and Human Development The first production of mineral-based fire strikers dated back 500 000 years during the time of the 'Homo erectus.' Early humans used copper, silver, lead, and zinc in forming alloys. Homo erectus  Learn about It! Home and Personal Uses of Minerals The source of rock salt which is the mineral halite. Other examples include tungsten in light bulb, clay minerals in ceramic pots, and fluorite in toothpaste to name a few. Halite  Learn about It! Mineral Composition of Common Household and Personal Materials Materials Mineral Description composition Light bulb Tungsten Among the metals, tungsten has the highest melting point. This is the reason why the tungsten is used in making the filaments of a light bulb since the bulb can be very hot. Ceramic flowerpots, Clay minerals Clay is easy to form when wet and when it is dried and fired in a plates, bowls, cups, kiln, it creates a durable ceramic products. saucers and mugs Utensils Stainless steel Chromium prevents the steel from rusting. (made from the mixture of molten iron and chromium)  Learn about It! Minerals in Electronics, Infrastructure, and Manufacturing Minerals in electronics, infrastructure, and manufacturing include gold in electronic circuit boards, quartz and silicon in computers, and copper in electrical wiring to name a few. Minerals in computer parts  Learn about It! Minerals in Electronics, Infrastructure, and Manufacturing Materials Mineral composition Description Electronic circuit Gold Gold is a good conductor of electricity and can be easily boards formed into fine wires. Electrical capacitors Muscovite mica The mineral mica is a poor conductor of electricity and and high temperature has a high melting point. insulators Computers Quartz, Silicon chip is important in computers. Quartz is silicon composed of silicon. The screen of the computer is also made from quartz.  Learn about It! Minerals in Health and Medicine Minerals used in the medical include barium is a helpful additive to medicine in X-rays of the digestive system and iron which is used to treat anemia Iron supplement  Learn about It! Minerals in Health and Medicine Materials Mineral Description composition Plaster casts Gypsum Bandage soaked in wet plaster can make a cast. The mineral gypsum is suited for making a cast since it is strong, rigid and quick to set or harden. Thermometer Mercury which Since mercury is liquid at room temperature and expands comes from when exposed to high temperature, it is a suitable cinnabar ore material for making thermometers. Medicines Kaolinite Medicines are also composed of some minerals. An example is kaolinite which is sometimes included in the medicines you intake or lotions that you put on your skin.  Learn about It! Minerals for Aesthetics Some minerals are used as gemstones, being valued for their rarity and beauty. Minerals such as diamond, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and opals are the components of most jewelries. Gemstones in jewelries Key Points A mineral is considered as an essential part of the 1 everyday living of humankind. Minerals can be seen at home, in personal things, as 2 components of electronics, for making jewelries, and for health and medicine. The use of minerals depends on the mineral’s 3 physical and chemical properties.  Check Your Understanding Pick 5 materials that you can see in the illustration below. Then, identify its mineral composition Materials Mineral composition 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Finding and Mining Minerals  Learn about It! Four Groups of Mineral Deposits Mineral deposits are aggregates of minerals present in high concentration. Regardless of whether it has high economic value or none, an accumulation of minerals are still considered mineral deposits. Mineral deposit  Learn about It! Four Groups of Mineral Deposits Energy resources can be further divided into fossil fuels and nuclear fuels. Coal deposit  Learn about It! Four Groups of Mineral Deposits Metal resources include structural metals such as iron, copper, and aluminium as well as economic metals. Iron deposit  Learn about It! Four Groups of Mineral Deposits Industrial mineral resources include commodities such as salt, potash, and sand. Salt  Learn about It! Four Groups of Mineral Deposits Essential minerals are minerals that pertain to those needed by living organisms. Zinc mineral  Learn about It! Mineral Exploration Searching for valuable ore is called mineral exploration. Most ore deposits are found in mixtures with minerals called gangue minerals or minerals that have no commercial value. Mineral deposit on rock  Learn about It! Mineral Exploration Techniques Remote sensing Geophysical methods Geochemical methods. Remote sensing using satellite images  Learn about It! Mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from mineral deposits. There are two methods of mining: surface mining and underground mining. Mining  Learn about It! Types of Mining Surface mining is being used to extract ore minerals near the surface of Earth. Underground mining extract rocks, minerals, and other precious stones that can be found deep the Earth’s surface Quarrying on mountain  Learn about It! Types of Surface Mining STRIP MINING OPEN PIT MINING  Learn about It! Types of Surface Mining DREDGING MOUNTAINTOP REMOVAL MINING  Learn about It! Types of Surface Mining HIGHWALL MINING  Learn about It! Types of Underground Mining ROOM AND PILLAR MINING SHRINKAGE STOPING  Learn about It! Factors Affecting Mineral Availability Geologic factors that affect abundance of mineral deposits are geological origin of the area. Economic factors include the costs in getting the supply such as engineering, mineral extraction. Environmental factors affect mineral resources. Key Points Mineral deposits are aggregates of minerals present 1 in high concentration. Searching for valuable ore is called mineral 2 exploration. Mineral availability is affected by several factors such 3 as geologic, economic, and environmental factors. Lesson 5.3 Processing of Minerals Objective At the end describe how ore minerals of the 1 are processed for human lesson, you use. should be able to:  Learn about It! Steps of Mineral Processing The primary steps involved in processing minerals include sampling and analysis, comminution, concentration, and dewatering. Minerals on mountain  Learn about It! Mineral Processing is the process of extracting minerals from the ores, refining them, and preparing these minerals for use. primary steps involved in processing minerals include sampling and analysis, comminution, concentration, Minerals on mountain and dewatering.  Learn about It! Steps of Mineral Processing Sampling is the removal of a portion which represents a whole needed for the analysis of this material. Analysis is important to evaluate the valuable components in an ore. This includes chemical, mineralogical, and particle size analysis.  Learn about It! Steps of Mineral Processing Comminution is the process where rock is crushed or broken down into smaller pieces. From left to right: ball mill, how ball mill works  Learn about It! Steps of Mineral Processing Concentration is the separation of the valuable minerals from the raw materials creating an end product called concentrate. Gold panning  Learn about It! Concentrating Minerals Optical Separation Density Separation  Learn about It! Concentrating Minerals Flotation Separation Magnetic Separation  Learn about It! Concentrating Minerals Electrostatic Separation  Learn about It! Steps of Mineral Processing Dewatering uses the concentrates to convert it to usable minerals. Purified gold Key Points Mineral processing is the process of extracting 1 minerals from the ores, refining them, and preparing these minerals for use. The primary steps involved in processing minerals 2 include sampling and analysis, comminution, concentration, and dewatering.  Challenge Yourself Why is sorting by hand considered an ineffective mineral separation technique? Lesson 5.4 Reducing Impacts of Mining Minerals  determine the 1 environmental effects of Objectives mining; and At the end cite ways to prevent or of the lessen the environmental lesson, you impact that result from the should be 2 exploitation, extraction, able to: and use of mineral resources.  Learn about It! Wastes in Mining In a mineral ore, only one percent (1%) will end up as refined product and 99% would go to waste. These minerals are processed, and the remnants of the ores are disposed as waste. These wastes are called tailings.  Learn about It! Environmental Cost of Irresponsible Mining Damage to Air Quality - dust may be produced in the process of mining ore since in order to obtain mines, it blasts through rocks. Damage to Water Quality - mine tailings not only pollutes the water but also destroys coral reefs Coal power plant Mining tailings  Learn about It! Environmental Cost of Irresponsible Mining Damage to Land Resources - an entire forest could be destroyed since trees must be cut down to be able to construct a mining site. Damage to Ecosystem - mining and the results of mining activities completely destroys animal habitats and affects their health and way of Deforestation living.  Learn about It! Environmental Cost of Irresponsible Mining Damage to Local Communities - health, food security and livelihood of the Filipinos who first inhabited the area were in risk because of the mining operations. Local community  Learn about It! Mining Waste Products and Their Management The following are ways to lessen mining wastes and its effects on the environment. Apply new technologies in extracting ore minerals. Plan exploration to rehabilitation of mining sites. Ensure restoration of communities near mining sites. Ensure proper management of tailings from milling ores. Follow proper design for mining structures according to government regulations. Key Points Mining affects the quality of air, water, and land 1 resources. It also causes detrimental damage to ecosystem and local communities. The main goal of mineral processing is to make it 2 sustainable and to generate zero waste. There are numerous ways to lessen the wastes and 3 effects on the environment.  Challenge Yourself Do you think the existing law on mining should be amended? Why or why not?