Maximum Parsimony PDF

Maximum Parsimony (최대단순성) • Maximum parsimony assumes that the most likely tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary events (appearances of shared derived characters) (최대단순성은 가장 가능성이 높은 트리가 가장 적은 진화 이벤트(공유 파생 캐릭터의 등장)를 필요로 하는 트리라고 가정함...

Maximum Parsimony (최대단순성) • Maximum parsimony assumes that the most likely tree is the one that requires the fewest evolutionary events (appearances of shared derived characters) (최대단순성은 가장 가능성이 높은 트리가 가장 적은 진화 이벤트(공유 파생 캐릭터의 등장)를 필요로 하는 트리라고 가정함) Figure 20.15 Research method: applying parsimony to a problem in molecular systematics (분자계통분류학 문제에 단순성 적용하기) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Phylogenetic Trees as Hypotheses (가설로서의 계통수) • All phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses about how organisms are related to each other (모든 계통수 나무는 유기체가 서로 어떻게 관련되어 있는지에 대한 가설을 나타낸다) • The best hypothesis is the one that best fits all available morphological, molecular, and fossil data (가장 좋은 가설은 이용 가능한 모든 형태학적, 분자적, 화석 데이터에 가장 잘 맞는 가설이다) Figure 20.16 A phylogenetic tree of birds and their close relatives (조류와 가까운 친족의 계통수) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 20.18 Fossil Support for a Phylogenetic Prediction: Dinosaurs Built Nests and Brooded Their Eggs (화석은 계통발생적 예측을 증명한다: 공륭이 둥지를 짓고 알을 품었다) Front limb Hind limb Eggs (a) Fossil remains of Oviraptor and eggs. The orientation of the bones, which surround and cover the eggs, suggests that the dinosaur died while incubating or protecting its eggs. (b) Artist’s reconstruction of the dinosaur’s posture on its nest based on the fossil findings. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved