Chapter 2 Research Methodology - PDF

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH Chapter 2 Methodology Research Design Brief description of the research method used Justification on why it is the best method for the study Research Locale Brief description of the place where the participants or respo...

CHAPTER 2: RESEARCH Chapter 2 Methodology Research Design Brief description of the research method used Justification on why it is the best method for the study Research Locale Brief description of the place where the participants or respondents are to be obtained Chapter 2 Methodology Samples and Sampling Technique Used Brief description of the population Sampling size, how it was determined Specific technique used in selecting the samples Instrumentation Description of the instruments used – their contents, how developed and validated Research Designs A scheme that maps out the data sources, the type of data to be collected, how data will be collected, and the methods to be used in data analysis Pinpoints specifically the relationships of the variables under study Set time constraints within which the research problem should be answered  Chapter 2 Methodology Procedure Scientific Details of data collection Include time frame involved in data collection Who will do the data collection? Statistical Analysis of the Data What statistics are to be used on the research data and why? Should be in consonance with the objectives/hypothesis of the study There are many methods of conducting research. Case Study Correlational Survey Descriptive Narrative Mixed Causal-Comparative Grounded Theory Experimental Ethnographic Single Subject Qualitative Quantitative INDEPENDENT DEPENDENT affect/s VARIABLE/S VARIABLE/S (presumed or (presumed or possible cause/s possible result/s INDEPENDENT INTERVENING DEPENDENT VARIABLE/S VARIABLE/S VARIABLE/S Educational Teaching Qualifications Performance Age Sex Civil Status Monthly Income Years of Teaching The Three Different Methods of Research Historical Method Descriptive Method Experimental Method Historical Method The historical method is one which deals with past events and interprets them in the light of the present. It is concerned with giving an account of past events or facts in the spirit of inquiring critically for the whole truth. Its purpose is to explain the present or anticipate the future based on a systematic collection and critical evaluation of data pertaining to past occurrences. Descriptive Method This design is for the investigator to gather information about present condition. The main objective of this design is to describe the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the causes of particular phenomena. It is concerned with conditions or relationships that exist; practices that prevail; and beliefs and processes that are going on; effects that are being felt or trends that are developing. Descriptive Method Types of Descriptive Research 1. Case Study 2. Survey Research 3. Developmental Studies 4. Evaluation Studies 5. Comparative Studies 6. Correlational Studies 7. Follow-up Studies 8. Trends and Projection 9. Ex Post Factor Research 10. Participatory Research Case Study A detailed study about one person or unit over a considerable period of time. It provides an in-depth analysis for investigation such as an individual patient, a family, a hospital ward, a health agency, a particular disease, a professional organization, or a group. Example: A Case of the Kawasaki Disease Example: The Integration of the Disaster Risk Reduction Education in the ASEAN Region: The Case of Butuan City Survey Research A survey is used to gather relatively limited data from relatively large number of cases. The purpose is to gather information about prevailing conditions or about the variable under study. Example: Determinants in the Implementation of Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) in Public Junior High Schools, Bayugan City Philippines Survey Research Example: Role, Competence, and Ingenious Practices of 21st Century Principals of Public Secondary Schools in then Association of Southeast Asian Example: Nation Mentoring, (ASEAN) Region Supervisory, and Teaching Performance of Junior High School Master Teachers of Butuan City, Philippines Example: Predictors of Science Performance of Grade IV Pupils in Selected Schools in Medina District Assessment/Evaluation Studies Assessment/Evaluation studies attempt to determine the effectiveness of efficacy of a certain practices or policies when applied to a group of respondents. Example: Implementation of Special Education Program in the Public Secondary Schools in Caraga Region: Basis for Development Example: Program Service Availability of the Public Hospitals, Implementation Health Protocols and Workplace Behavior of Nurses in the New Normal Environment, Correlational Studies Correlational Studies attempt to establish relationships among 2 or more variables. Example: Civic Engagement and Responsible Citizenship Among Secondary Schools Student Leaders in Butuan City Relationship Example: Division Between Grade Achievement and Manifestations of Behavior on Nationalism of Grade Six Learners, Division of Butuan City, Philippines Correlational Studies Example: The Level of Manifestation of Teachers Work Values and Students Academic Performance Example: Household and School Practices on Ecological Solid Waste Management Among Pupils of Tagbongabong Elementary School, RTR, Agusan del Norte Follow-up Studies They are used in you want to follow-up the development of a certain condition. Example: Employability of the Graduates of Saint Joseph Institute of Technology from 2010 – 2015. Ex-post Facto Research Ex-post facto means “from after the fact” and deals with researches where the dependent variable is immediately observable and the events before that have given rise to this consequence. Example: Differing Consequences on Smokers of Varying Amounts of Cigarettes Experimental Design 1. Post Test Only Experimental Design 2. Pre-test-Post-test Experimental Design Post Test Only Experimental Design It is a simple design. It is called post test only because the date is collected after the experimental treatment is complete. Example: Level of Competencies of the Students in Araling Panlipunan Pre-Test-Post-Test Experimental Design It is more complex. It is called pre-test-post-test. There are two points of measurements, one before the experimental treatment and one after the experimental treatment. Example: The Efficacy of Strategic Intervention Materials in Teaching Social Studies Among Grade 10 Students of Saint Joseph Institute of Technology Example: Discussion Web Strategy: It’s Influence of Enhancing the Problem Solving Skills in Mathematics Among Grade 9 Students of San Vicente National High Pre-Test-Post-Test Experimental Design Example: Scaffolding Strategy: Its Effect on the Mathematics Performance of the Grade 10 Students of Los Angeles National High School Example: The Efficacy of Contextualized Materials in the Improvement of Reading Comprehension Among Grade 7 Students in Bayugan National Comprehensive High School Pre-Test-Post-Test Experimental Design Example: Peer Assisted Learning Strategy: Its Influence on the Mathematics Performance of the Grade 9 Students of Ampayon National High School