Chapter 2: Focus on Grammar through Processing Instruction PDF

Chapter 2 Focus on Grammar through Processing Instruction...

Chapter 2 Focus on Grammar through Processing Instruction Introduction In this chapter, we will discuss how grammar can be focused on in L2 class- rooms through processing instruction. Processing instruction is a particular approach to teaching grammar that is based on how learners interpret and process input for meaning. This approach rests on the assumption that the role of input is central to language acquisition and that grammar can best be learned when learners attend to it in input-rich environments. Theoretically, the approach draws on a model of input processing developed by VanPatten and his colleagues (Lee & VanPatten, 2003; VanPatten, 1996, 2002a). In this approach, an initial exposure to explicit instruction is combined with a series of input-processing activities that aim to help learners create form-meaning connections as they process grammar for meaning. Due to the explicit gram- mar component of processing instruction, some researchers have equated it with a focus on forms approach (e.g., R. Sheen, 2007). However, VanPatten (2002a) has argued that since the aim of this approach is “to assist the learner in making form–meaning connections during IP [input processing]; it is more appropriate to view it as a type of focus on form” (p. 764) (see Chapter 1 for the distinction between focus on form and focus on forms). We will begin by briefly reviewing the importance of input in L2 acquisi- tion, and then discuss the theoretical background of processing instruction, Copyright © 2010. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved. which is VanPatten’s input processing model. We will then describe proces- sing instruction as a pedagogical technique that rests on the principles of the input-processing model (please note the difference between processing instruction as a pedagogical technique and input processing as a theoretical model). Next, we will review the empirical research that has examined the effectiveness of processing instruction. Finally, we will provide examples of classroom activities based on input processing principles. Input and its Role in Language Learning Although there have been different perspectives on the nature of input and its contribution to language learning, the importance of its role in language Nassaji, H., & Fotos, S. S. (2010). Teaching grammar in second language classrooms : Integrating form-focused instruction in communicative context. ProQuest Ebook Central