Chapter 2_Historical Foundation of Education.pdf

Historical Foundation of Education The family is the most important agent of socialization. Psychology tells us that the self- concept formed during childhood has lasting consequences. Besides, “the parents’ religion, social class, and ethnicity influence the child’s social roles a...

Historical Foundation of Education The family is the most important agent of socialization. Psychology tells us that the self- concept formed during childhood has lasting consequences. Besides, “the parents’ religion, social class, and ethnicity influence the child’s social roles and self-concept which in turn influence the expectations that others have for the child, and they determine the groups with which the child will interact outside the family”. (Brinkerhoff, D., 1989) Key Periods In Educational History In primitive societies, survival against natural forces was the need and so what were taught were survival skills and values to cultivate group cohesiveness. For the Athenian in ancient Greece, what mattered most in education was the rounded development of every individual while for the Spartan, it was the development of soldiers and military leaders. For the early Romans, schools needed to develop a sense of civic responsibility and to develop administrative and military skills as citizens of the Roman Empire. Key Periods In Educational History For the ancient Arabic world where Islam rose, the most important concern of education was to cultivate religious commitment to Islamic beliefs. Renaissance period was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. Education was focused on the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. The Reformation period had as for its educational goals the cultivation of a sense of commitment to a particular religious denomination and general literacy. The History of the Philippine Educational System 4. Education during the American Regime 1898 - 1946 The American promoted democratic ideals and the democratic way of life. The schools maintained by the Spaniards for more than three centuries were closed but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of the Interior. A system of free and compulsory elementary education was established by the Malolos Constitution. (Political Constitution of 1899). In May 1898, the first American school was established in Corregidor, and shortly after the capture of Manila in 1899, seven schools were opened in the city.  (Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports) (Department of Education, Culture and Sports) (Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994) (Higher Education Act of 1994) (Governance of Basic Education Act – DECS to DepEd) (Kindergarten Act) (K to 12 Program)