Philippine Education System History PDF

Republic of the Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University Pablo Borbon Campus COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Jose B. Zuño - Rosario Campus Bachelor of...

Republic of the Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University Pablo Borbon Campus COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Jose B. Zuño - Rosario Campus Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics SPECIAL TOPICS IN EDUCATION Class Code 2kcjig5 Mr. John Ian V. Cumal, LPT, MAEd Course Instructor Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation Republic of the Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University Pablo Borbon Campus LESSON I HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION SYSTEM Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Why do we need to know the educational goals of the past which is past and we can no longer UNDO? BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Evolution of the Philippine Educational System BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Philippine Educational System Education in the Philippines has undergone several stages of development from the pre-Spanish times to the present. In meeting the needs of society, education serves as a focus of emphases/priorities of the leadership at certain periods/epochs in our national struggle as a race. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Philippine Educational System As early as in pre-Magellanic times, education was informal, unstructured, and devoid of methods. Children were provided more vocational training and less academics (3 R’s) by their parents and in the houses of tribal tutors. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Political System | Unit of Government Barangay Ranks came from the word “Balangay” which means sailboat. 1. Datu It is the title for chiefs, sovereign princes, and monarchs in the Visayas and Mindanao Regions of the Philippines. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Political System | Unit of Government “Datu” Visayas & Mindanao “Lakan” Luzon “Apo” Central & Northern Luzon “Sultan” Mindanao & Sulu “Rajah” BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Political System | Unit of Government Barangay Ranks 2. Babaylan Visayan term identifies an indigenous Filipino religious leader, who functions as a healer, a shaman, a seer, and a community “miracle worker”. The babaylan can be male, female, or male transvestites (known as asog, bayoc, or bayog) BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Political System | Unit of Government Barangay Ranks 3. Umalohokan It refers to the town criers of ancient Philippines Barangay. They were responsible for going around and making people aware of new laws and policies enacted by the Datu or chieftain. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish Era BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education The pre-Spanish system of education underwent major changes during the Spanish colonization. The tribal tutors were replaced by the Spanish Missionaries. Education was religion-oriented. It was for the elite, especially in the early years of Spanish colonization. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education Before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos possessed a culture of their own. They had contacts with other foreign people from Arabia, India, China, and Borneo. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education The diaries of Fr. Pedro Chirino attest to the historical facts that “the inhabitants were civilized people, possessing their system of writing, laws, and moral standards and in a well- organized system of government”. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education Ang Sinaunang Pagsulat ayon kay Padre Pedro Chirino Saysaybagin (Marso 1, 2014) Isa sa pinakaunang tala tungkol sa sinaunang pagsulat ay ang “Relacion de las Islas Filipinas” (1604) ni Padre Pedro Chirino, isang Hesuita. Ang “Relacion” ay mga tala mula sa misyon ng mga paring Kastila simula noong 1581 hanggang 1602 (taon ng pag-alis ni P Chirino sa Pilipinas). Sa Luzon, naglagi siya sa katagalugan (Manila, Taytay, Cavite, Laguna). Inilarawan ni P. Chirino sa Relacion ang mga kaugalian at ang pagsulat sa wikang katutubo. Ayon sa kanya (salin sa Tagalog): “Lahat ng mga tagapulo dito ay mahilig magbasa at masulat, at wala kahit isang lalaki, at lalong walang babae, na hindi marunong bumasa at sumulat sa kanilang mga letrang gamit nila sa pulo ng Manila (Katagalugan), na kaibang-kaiba sa ginagamit sa Tsina, Japan at India.” BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education Ang tala niya ay nagsilbing gabay na mga sumunod na nag-aral ng sinaunang pagsulat. Isinalarawan ni Padre Chirino ang paggamit ng “puntillo” (tuldok) o “coma” (‘comma’, kuwit). Kapag walang marka, ang basa sa titik ay may “a”, gaya ng “ka”. Kapag nakalagay sa ibabaw ng titik katinig (‘consonant’) , ang basa ay nagiging may “e” o “i”, gaya ng “ke” o “ki”. Kapag nasa ilalim ng titik, ang basa ay nagiging may “o” o “u”, gaya ng “ko” o “ku”. Ang mga katinig naman na walang kaakibat na patinig (‘vowel’) ay hindi isunusulat. Kayat sa pagbasa ito ay hinuhulaan lamang. Gaya ng ang pagsulat sa “kanta” ay “kata”. Ayon kay P. Chirino: “Dati , ang pagsulat nila ay pababa mula sa itaas pababa, at mula sa kaliwa at ang sunod na hanay ay sa kanan (vertical with columns from left to right). Mula sa atin (mga Kastila), ginaya nila ang pagsulat mula sa kaliwa pakanan at mula sa itaas, ang kasunod na hanay ay nasa ilalim ng unang hanay (horizontal, from left to right)”. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Pre-Spanish System of Education BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education Access to education by the Filipinos was later liberalized through the enactment of the Educational Decree of 1863 under the responsibility of the municipal government; and the establishment of a normal school for male teachers under the supervision of the Jesuits. Spanish Education Decree December 20, 1863 - Queen Isabella II BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Educational Decree of 1863 The decree established a complete system of education in the archipelago—it required two elementary schools in each municipality (one for girls and one for boys), standardized the curriculum, and established normal schools, thus making systematized education available to the masses. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Educational Decree of 1863 Consisting of three (3) grade levels: 1. Entrada 2. Acenso 3. Termino BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education Primary instruction was free and the teaching of Spanish was compulsory. Education during that period was inadequate, suppressed, and controlled. Reading Religion EDUCATION Writing Catechism Arithmetic BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education Escuela Normal de Maestros de Primera Instrucción It is the first teacher-training institution in Manila established by the Royal Decree of 1863. It was subsequently raised to the status of Superior Normal School in 1893. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education Escuela Normal de Maestros de Primera Instrucción The Normal School for Teachers of Primary Instruction was created by the Royal Decree of December 20, 1863, for the formation of suitable teachers for primary instruction, and for the dissemination and popularization of the knowledge and use of the Spanish language in the Philippine colony. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education The schools for boys and girls were separated. The first established schools were for the boys. The Augustinians built the first school in the Philippines situated in Cebu in 1565. Martín de Rada Diego de Herrera Pedro de Gamboa Andrés de Aguirre Andrés de Urdaneta BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education Andrés de Urdaneta (1508-1568) A Spanish Augustinian friar born in Villafranca de Ordizia in the Basque province of Gipuzkoa, Spain, was a seaman, sailor, navigator, and author who became the most knowledgeable European navigator of the Pacific, best known for his discovery of the Tornaviaje, or return sea route from the Philippines to the Americas. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era System of Education College schools are equivalent to a university during the Spanish regime. The students graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Bachiller en Artes). Bachiller en Artes Jose Mercado-Rizal Emperor with the Highest Honor Sobresaliente BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Colleges vs Universities Most colleges offer two-year programs (often called an associate’s degree, diploma, or certificate). In contrast, universities offer four-year degree programs (bachelor’s degrees) and higher graduate programs. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Spanish Era Grading System Average Grade Remarks 9-10 out of 10 “Sobresaliente” (outstanding) 7-8.9 out of 10 “Notable” (remarkable) 5-6.9 out of 10 “Aprobado” (pass) BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  The First Schools In Spanish Era BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Colegio de San Ignacio Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Ignacio de Manila (1589-1768) The first college for boys was established by the Jesuits in Manila in 1589. San Ignacio's former location is being occupied by the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM) President: Atty. Domingo Reyes Jr. (2023-present) BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Colegio de San Ildefonso 1595-1769 It was established by Fr. Antonio Sedeño, Fr. Pedro Chirino, and Antonio Pereira in 1595 in Cebu City, Philippines. There are several claims that it is now the University of San Carlos (Colegio–Seminario de San Carlos) President: Fr. Francisco Antonio Estepa (1999-2002, 2004-2013, 2023-present) BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Colegio de Santa Potenciana The first school for girls was established in 1589 in the Philippines located in Intramuros, Manila. The building was ruined by the 1645 earthquake. The site was later used for the construction of the Palacio del Gobernador (which was destroyed by the 1863 earthquake). At present, the Philippine Veterans Building, Insurance Center Building, and the Philippine National Red Cross Main Office stand on its former site. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Colegio de Nuestra Señora de Santísimo Rosario The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas(1611) The Catholic University of the Philippines (1647) The oldest extant university charter in the Philippines and Asia was founded on April 28, 1611, by Fr. Miguel de Benavides, the third Archbishop of Manila. It is one of the world’s largest catholic universities in terms of enrollment. It is also the largest university in the city of Manila. Grand Chancellor: Fr. Gerard Timoner III BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Colegio de San Juan de Letrán El Colegio de San Juan de Letrán (1620) The second oldest higher education institution in Asia and the Philippines was founded by Juan A. Guerrero in 1620. It was originally founded for boys, although the school began accepting female students in its tertiary department in the late 1960s, and from June 2005, began accepting girls at the primary and secondary levels. Rector: Rev. Fr. Raymund Fernando P. Jose, O.P. 2023-present Ordinis Praedicatorum “Order of Preachers” BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Escuela Pia de Manila Ateneo Mvnicipal de Manila (1817) A former private elementary school for Spanish children was founded by Don Pedro Vivanco in Calle Real, Intramuros, Manila in 1817. After a few years, the Spanish government took over its administration and made Escuela Pia a public school under the Administrative Commission of the City of Manila, and later under the Manila City Council and renamed Escuela Municipal de Manila and became Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Schools Built in the Spanish Era Ateneo de Manila University In 1901, exclusive ownership was given to the Jesuits and the name was shortened to Ateneo de Manila. It is the second-oldest Jesuit-administered institution of higher learning in the Asia-Pacific. It was gutted by fire in 1932. The grade school was rebuilt in Intramuros while the rest of the campus moved to Ermita, Manila. It was destroyed during World War II. In 1952, the school moved to its present location in Loyola Heights in Quezon City. President: Rev. Fr. Roberto Chan-Yap, S.J. 2020-present Societas Jesu “Society of Jesus” BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  American Regime BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime The defeat of Spain by American forces paved the way for Aguinaldo’s Republic “First Philippine Republic” under a Revolutionary Government. The schools maintained by Spain for more than three centuries were closed for the time being but were reopened on August 29, 1898, by the Minister of the Interior, Leonardo Ibarra. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime Burgos Institute in Malolos Military Academy of Malolos Literary University of the Philippines A system of free and compulsory elementary education was established by the Malolos Constitution “The First Philippine Constitution”. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime An adequate secularized and free public school system during the first decade of American rule was established upon the recommendation of the Schurman Commission “The First Philippine Commission”. Free primary instruction that trained the people for the duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by the Taft Commission per instructions of US President William McKinley on January 20, 1899, and tasked to study the situation in the Philippines. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime Chaplains and non-commissioned officers (NCO) were assigned to teach using English as the medium of instruction. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime A highly centralized public school system was installed in 1901 by the Philippine Commission by virtue of Act No. 74. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime The implementation of this Act created a heavy shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the U.S.A. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime The implementation of this Act created a heavy shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the U.S.A. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the American Regime The implementation of this Act created a heavy shortage of teachers so the Philippine Commission authorized the Secretary of Public Instruction to bring to the Philippines 600 teachers from the U.S.A. “THOMASITES” BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  Japanese Regime BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  The Battle of Bataan-Corregidor Memorial Bridge was fought by the United States and the Philippine Commonwealth against Japan during World War II. The battle represented the most intense phase of the Japanese invasion of the Philippines during World War II. In January 1942, forces of the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy invaded Luzon along with several islands in the Philippine Archipelago after the bombing of the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the Japanese Regime The Japanese educational policies were embodied in Military Order No. 2 in 1942. “The Philippine Executive Commission established the Commission of Education, Health and Public Welfare. Under the Japanese Regime, the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos.” BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the Japanese Regime BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University  System of Education in the Japanese Regime On October 14, 1943, the Japanese–sponsored Republic created the Ministry of Education. Under the Japanese regime, the teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History, and Character Education was reserved for Filipinos. Love for work and Dignity of Labor was emphasized. BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University Republic of the Philippines BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY The National Engineering University Pablo Borbon Campus COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Jose B. Zuño - Rosario Campus Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Mathematics Thank you for listening! Mr. John Ian V. Cumal, LPT, MAEd Course Instructor Leading Innovations, Transforming Lives, Building the Nation