Chapter 12 - Soils PDF

10/27/2014 · What's and the difference in Soil dirt? Chapter 12—Soils Key Concepts Soil is an essential resource Soils are a mixture of minerals, organic matter, liquids, and gases Soil properties affecting plant growth include texture, structure, and chemistry The ability of a soil to supply nutrie...

10/27/2014 · What's and the difference in Soil dirt? Chapter 12—Soils Key Concepts Soil is an essential resource Soils are a mixture of minerals, organic matter, liquids, and gases Soil properties affecting plant growth include texture, structure, and chemistry The ability of a soil to supply nutrients is soil fertility Organic and inorganic fertilizers can supply nutrients to plants Erosion is accelerated loss of soil through the action of wind or water Soil Profile vertical section through soil A vertical extending from surface to unweathered rock Horizons are distinct layers of the profile Each soil type has a unique profile with different horizons “A” horizon = topsoil 1 10/27/2014 Rocks and Minerals Parent material for most soils rock is rock Three primary types of rock – Sedimentary – Igneous volcanic rock – Metamorphic heat pressure · Essential Elements not LARGE/need most) Macronutrients Macronutrients – – – – – – – – – as needed Micronutrients – – – – – – + – – Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Calcium Magnesium Sulfur typicallyI small /ICan be added; don't add them => stedonenerg Iron Manganese Copper Zinc Boron Molybdenum Chlorine Nickel though Organic Matter facts as rebarb in concrete) Portion of soil that includes animal and plant residues rich Soil Carbon compounds Nutrient Complex carbon Functions include: of nutrients – Sequestration Sequestration of nutrients – Source Sourceofofnutrients nutrients – not Soil aggregation and structure organic matter in sand; aggregation/structure – Water Waterstorage storage – Chemical sequestration · no 2 10/27/2014 CINC Carbon Carbon‐Nitrogen Ratio high N CiN ratio Arthropods-small Soil Organisms rudents Assist in maintaining the “health” of soil Types organisms: – Earthworms – Fungi and bacteria – Arthropods > X Y http://en.wikivisual.com/images/9/92/Millipede.jpg http://www.ync.ca/bronze%20level%20guide/earthworm.jpg *most important Soil Pore Space and Soil Water Soils contain Pore pore space occupied by air or water #ideal * no · air or understand water will fill pare space air at alter Either to · all · Adhesion binds to different Cohesion particles binds to itself ↑ rus through Soil 3 10/27/2014 · Soil Properties ‐ Texture e Soil texture—describes the fineness or coarseness – Three particles that determine texture are sand, silt, and clay Loam soils they all have a are ideal soils; little bit of soils 100 Sand 0.05 – 2.0 mm Silt 0.002 – 0.05 mm Clay