Enlightenment & Rococo Power Point Presentation PDF

Chapter 11 – Enlightenment & Rococo  Enlightenment 5 trends: Growing political power Return of aristocracy Rise of middle class Rococo The Enlightenment: intellectual & cultural movement produced in France  Continued Enlightenment thinkers believed truth through reaso...

Chapter 11 – Enlightenment & Rococo  Enlightenment 5 trends: Growing political power Return of aristocracy Rise of middle class Rococo The Enlightenment: intellectual & cultural movement produced in France  Continued Enlightenment thinkers believed truth through reason, embraced humanism, philosophy, music, art, except religious Christian doctrines The Philosophe’s Program & Beliefs Believed in reason & orderly nature The Empirical Method Rejected Roman Catholic doctrine Denounced bigotry & advocated religious freedom  Continued Education free from church control, but women intellectually & physically inferior; no women’s rights  The English Enlightenment: Architecture Sir Christopher Wren Commissioned to rebuild 52 churches destroyed in 1666 Great Fire of London Rebuilt Saint Paul’s Cathedral, mixed medium  Continued Classical elements: campanile, columns, & elaborate pediment Baroque elements: elaborate façade, niches, steeples, staggered columns creates play of light across church facade Francis Bacon & the Empirical Method Empirical Method: collect data, make observations, experiment on collected data, & reach conclusion Empirical method destroys “Idols of the Cave;” basis for Royal Society of London today  Rene Decartes Wrote Discourse on the Method Founder of deism & analytic geometry Began w/ universal doubt to prove the absolute in the universe  Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei, & the Telescope Kepler contradicted geocentricism 5 known planets were spherical & moved around the sun in elliptical paths Mathematically proved a sun-centered universe aka heliocentrism  Galileo Galilei Made telescope using refined lenses; allowed him to see stars & planets Found Jupiter & its 4 moons Inertia: a mass will move thru space until something gets in its way to stop it  Sir Isaac Newton Wrote Principia Universe is well-ordered system in its principals; gravity is a description of its operation  Joseph Wright of Derby An Experiment on a Bird in An Air Pump, oil on canvas Demonstrating power of science  Industrial Revolution Lunar society members: James Watt invented steam engine; Wm. Murdock invented gas lighting Technology improved farming England & colonial empires need raw materials; encouraged Industrial Revolution  Continued Replace animal & human power w/ steam & water Fly shuttles allowed weavers to propel shuttle through loom yarn for faster weaving & producing larger pieces of cloth  Social Cost Laborer’s lives around factory system; working class is born, capitalists at one of economic spectrum, & laborers at the other Thomas Hobbes & John Locke Hobbes, absolutist, wrote Leviathan in 1651: individuals driven by fear of death & drive for power Must submit to a higher authority, the king  John Locke Created liberalism Wrote Essay on Human Understanding: people capable of self-governing Empiricism: all knowledge comes from human experience  Continued Ruler to obey Social Contract & govern equally Government based on checks & balances  John Milton’s Paradise Lost Big picture: addresses tension between absolute rule & civil liberty of individual  Satire: Jonathan Swift A Modest Proposal England killing Irish w/ oppressive economic policies Uses satire to prompt solutions to Irish horrible conditions  William Hogarth Gin Lane, engraving & etching Social commentary on effects of alcoholism & gin East End assoc. w/ the poor  The English Novel Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice, limitations of female roles in 18th c.  Enlightenment in France Germain Boffrand built Salon de Princesse at Hotel de Soubise, Paris, France Salon: a room designed for social gatherings  Jean-Antoine Watteau The Embarkation from Cythera, oil on canvas Fetes Galantes: antics & celebrations of aristocracy Irony: buyers were bourgeoisie, not aristocrats  Peter Paul Rubens Arrival and Reception of Marie de Medici at Marseilles, oil on canvas Robust nudes aka “Rubenesque”  Jean-Honore Fragonard The Swing, oil on canvas Rococo eroticism Gabriel-Francois Doyen suggested painting’s subject matter  Baron de Montesquieu Proponent of John Lock & England’s parliamentary democracy  Denis Diderot: The Encyclopedie Summation of Enlightenment King Louis XV prohibited: compendium of knowledge & empowering the masses Jean Baptiste-Simeon Chardin A Philosopher Occupied with his Reading, oil on canvas Very image of a French philosopher  Jean-Jacques Rousseau The Social Contract, 1762 People collectively personify the state; obedience to laws makes citizens moral Cross Cultural Contact: Capt. James Cook Sailed to Tahiti to chart Venus’ transit when it passes between sun & Earth to calculate size of solar system Tattooing a Tahitian practice of the Moai  James Cook Sydney Parkinson, Portrait of a Maori Easter Island’s monumental moai heads  China Largest 18thc. civilization and or empire; admired by Western philosophers  Voltaire Wrote Essay on the Morals and Customs of Nations Praising Chinese for maintaining their civilization  Samuel Johnson Dictionary of the English Language Praised China’s civil service examinations  Elizabeth Vigee Lebrun Official court painter of Marie Antoinette  Jacque Louis David Queen Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine, ink drawing  David Oath of the Horatti, oil on canvas Neoclassical, shows patriotism, masculinity, & sacrifice for one’s country  Marxism Karl Marx & Fredrick Engels wrote The Communist Manifesto; Manifesto declaration for a classless society Revolution inevitable: bourgeoisie vs proletariat End