Chapter 10 Blood PDF

CHAPTER 10 BLOOD ( OUTLINED BY ALGERICO F. BAIñO, JR., RN ) 10.1. COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 10.1.A. COMPONENTS 10.1.B. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VOLUME 10.1.C. PLASMA 10.1.D. FORMED ELEMENTS 10.1.E. HEMATOPIOESIS FORMATION OF...

CHAPTER 10 BLOOD ( OUTLINED BY ALGERICO F. BAIñO, JR., RN ) 10.1. COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD 10.1.A. COMPONENTS 10.1.B. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND VOLUME 10.1.C. PLASMA 10.1.D. FORMED ELEMENTS 10.1.E. HEMATOPIOESIS FORMATION OF RED BLOOD CELLS FORMATION OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS 10.2. HEMOSTASIS 10.2.A. PHASES OF HEMOSTASIS - A PROCESS OF STOPPING THE BLEEDING 10.2.B. DISORDERS IN HEMOSTASIS 10.3. BLOOD GROUPS AND TRANSFUSIONS  ANTIGENS - IS A SUBSTANCE THAT THE BODY RECOGNIZES AS FOREIGN AND STIMULATES THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO AMOUNT A DEFENSE AGANST IT. EACH OF US TOLERATES OUR OWN CELLULAR ( SELF )ANTIGENS.  ONE’S PERSONS RBC PROTEINS WILL BE RECOGNIZED AS FOREIGN IF TRANSFUSED INTO ANOTHER PERSON WITH DIFFERENT RBC ANTIGENS  ANTIBODIES - ALSO KNOWN AS THE “RECOGNIZERS” WHICH ARE PRESENT IN THE PLASMA THAT ATTACH TO RBC’S BEARING SURFACE ANTIGENS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE ON THE PATIENT’S ( RECEPIENT ) RBCs.  AGGLUTINATION - A PHENOMENON CALLED CLUMPING ASSOCIATED WITH BINDING OF THE ANTIBODIES. THIS COULD LEAD TO CLOGGING OF SMALL BLOOD VESSELS THROUGHOUT THE BODY. AFTER A FEW HOURS, THE FOREIGN RBCs ARE LYSED ( RUPTURE ) AND THEIR HEMOGLOBIN IS RELEASED INTO THE BLOOD STREAM TRANSFUSION REACTIONS  KIDNEY FAILURE WOULD MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR DUE TO THE FREE HEMOGLOBON MOLECULES RELEASED FROM RUPTURED RBCs CAUSING BLOCKAGE TO KIDNEY TUBULES. COULD BE FATAL AT TIMES IF NOT MANAGED PROPERLY.  SYMPTOMS OF KIDNEY FAILURE INCLUDE FEVER, CHILLS, NAUSEA AND VOMITING.  MANAGEMENT IS AIMED AT PREVENTING KIDNEY DAMAGE BY INFUSING FLUIDS TO DILUTE AND DISSOLVE THE HEMOGLOBIN AND DIURETICS TO FLUSH IT OUT OF THE BODY BY URINE