Chapter 1: History & Nature of Tourism PDF

History & Nature of Tourism CHAPTER 1 Objectives: Acquire understanding about tourism. Take a look at how tourism and hospitality started. Learn how tourism contributes to the economy. Learn the various elements of tourism. Learn the different styles of tourism. ...

History & Nature of Tourism CHAPTER 1 Objectives: Acquire understanding about tourism. Take a look at how tourism and hospitality started. Learn how tourism contributes to the economy. Learn the various elements of tourism. Learn the different styles of tourism.  Tourism Industry Tourism is a complex industry that involves a broad range of businesses, organizations and government agencies. Tourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for leisure, business or other purpose for not more than one consecutive year. Tourism is dynamic and competitive industry that requires the ability to adapt constantly to customer’s changing needs and desires. Tourism Industry The customer’s satisfaction, safety and enjoyment are focus of tourism businesses.  History of Tourism The earliest forms of leisure tourism can be traced as far back as the Babylonians and Egyptian Empires. Museum of Historical Antiquities in the 6th Egyptians held Religous Festivals Century B.C. in Babylon History of Tourism Greek tourist travelled to visit sites for healing gods. Most tourist travelled by water. People traveled for trade, commerce, religious purposes, festivals, medical treatment, or education developed at early date. Tourism as a Globalized System Tourism is a complex and interconnected global phenomenon influenced by various disciplines and fields of study. Empirical accounts, case studies, approaches, theories and perspectives in individual disciplines including economy, geography, psychology, architecture, ecology, sociology, political science and medicine shaped the tourism today.  History of Philippine Tourism Migration through land bridges from Malayan Archipelago in the South and Taiwan in the North. Traded goods with Natives Spain colonization, influx Spanish to migrate into the country. The Philippines is the third largest English speaking country with rich Spanish colonization, brought the history combining Asian, European, construction of Intramuros in 1571, a and American influences. Walled City.  History of Philippine Tourism Spanish rule (1521–1898) American rule (1898–1946) Japanese occupation (1941–1946) Philippine self rule (1946 Gained Independence –present) The Tourism Industry 1st flourished (19th Managed to cope in 1991-1992 where 1 million century to early 20th century) due ton tourist visited Philippines but declined again influx of immigrants form Europe and the due to corrupt practices in government. United States. Earning the Nickname "Pearl of the 3rd time in 2010s under the "It's More Fun in Orient Seas" but declined after WWII the Philippines" slogan, gaining with devastated economy and destroyed international media attention. The industry heritage sites. continue to grow in 2017, but decreased 2nd waved tourist influx in the 1950s but due ton ongoing drug war and the declaration of Martial Law on Mindanao. declined due to dictatorship era. Nonetheless, the growth continued to grow.  TYPES OF TOURISM 1. RECREATIONAL realized in the suitable natural environment with the aim of realxation, reproductions and improvement of one’s physical and pyshic condition.  TYPES OF TOURISM 2. CULTURAL SIGHTSEEING focused on acquainting oneself with the history, culture, traditions and habits of one’s country and other nations.  TYPES OF TOURISM 3. SOCIAL 4. THERAPEUTIC Relatives gather together, new Including not only prevention, but friendships and acquaintances are formed rehabilitation, convalescence and with between people with same interest treatment illness, fitness and relaxation. in social life.  TYPES OF TOURISM 5. SPORTS 6. EXPLORATION OF NATURE Sports tourism is a type of tourism activity Flora and Fauna by way of visiting which refers to the travel experience of the conversation areas. tourist who either observes as a spectator Eco Tourism is a responsible travel to or actively participates in a sporting event natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education  TYPES OF TOURISM 7. ADVENTUROUS (ADRENALINE 8. PROFESSIONAL SPORTS) including entrepreneurial, business trips, participation in conferences, visiting Connected with danger, testing physical fairs and exhibitions, and incentive and psychic abilities of the participants. (rewarding, encouraging )  TYPES OF TOURISM 9. POLITICAL TOURISM 11. SPECIFIC TOURISM Shared common interests. 10. SHOPPING TOURISM  CLASSIFICATION According to According to the According to the place length of stay number of participants 1. Domestic tourism (within the 1. Short term (usually up to country) 3 days) 1. Individual (Individual, 2. International Tourism family) (Travelling abroad) 2. Long term (Usually more Active (Incoming or than three days) 2. Group (Tours) inbound), when foreign visitors come to our country. 3. Mass (Mass events such Passive (Outgoing or as pilgrimages, sports outbound), where people from our country travel events) abroad  CLASSIFICATION According to the According to the According to the way of way of way of payment organization transportation 1. Organized (arranged by 1. Road (Cars, buses, 1. Commercial (Fully paid specialized subjects) motorbikes,) by the customer, 2. Non organized (arrange 2. Railway (Both regular, and readily available.) irregular connections) by themselves) 2. Bound (some 3. Air (Both regular, and conditions must be met irregular connections) such as membership in 4. Water (River and sea) 5. Other (Hiking, an organization) Cyclotourism, water tourism)  TAKE NOTE! European Union countries (Organizer and dealer) of travelling, tours and stays. DEALER sells only the complete offer of an organizer, while ORGANIZER not only assemble the offer, but he or she can sell it. Assembling must be combination of at least two or the following services (Transportation, Accommodation and other tourism services) offered a total price and provided longer than twenty four hours (accommodation an overnight stay.) Tour operators are the intermediary and organizational activties of wholesalers in tourism. Task to : Connect customer market, retail travel offices, providers of transportation, accommodation and catering services and local entertainment activities, recreation and others.  CLASSIFYING TOURISTS Monday There are many different types of tourist, which can be classifies in a number of ways: 2. BY NATURE OF 3. LOCATION 1. BY PRODUCT ACTIVITY PREFERENCE MASS TOURISM Active (Packaged tour) Adventure Tourism Coastal (Coastal Alternative Tourism Eco tourism Brava (Eco tourism) Golf Rural (Garrotxa) City (Barcelona) Passive Mountain Sightseeing (Pyrenees) Beach Holiday Lake (Banyoles) Cruise  CLASSIFYING TOURISTS Monday There are many different types of tourist, which can be classifies in a number of ways: 4. DURATION OF TRIP 5. BY PURPOSE 6. BY AGE/ SOCIO AND DISTANCE ECONOMIC GROUP 1. Culture (Ethnic) TRAVELLED 2. History (Heritage) 1. Backpackers (18-24 years, 3. Nature -based (Eco no children. Attracted ti Day Trip (Local) tourism( adventurous activity. Weekend Break 4. Farm based - Rural Tourism Consider themselves (National) 5. Personal Development travelers not tourist and Annual Holiday (health) cost conscious.) (International) 6. Visit friends, family 2. DINKS (Double income, no 7. Social status (brag) kids) 8. Recreation  CLASSIFYING TOURISTS Monday There are many different types of tourist, which can be classifies in a number of ways: 6. BY AGE/ SOCIO ECONOMIC GROUP 3. SINKS (Single income, no kids) 4. EMPTY NESTERS: (Parents whose children flown the family nest. Between 45 and 55 of age. High disposable income. 5. Boomers (Generation in the 1950s) 6. Youths: (Between to 18 - 25 of age, not well educated, low disposable income.  THREE MAIN ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL AND TOURISM 1. VISITOR ACTIVITY IS 2. THE ACTIVITY 3. SPECIFIC CONCERNED ONLY NECESSITATES TRAVEL DESTINATIONS ARE THE WITH ASPECTS OF AND IN NEARLY EVERY FOCUS FOR A RANGE OF LIFE OUTSIDE CASE, SOME FORM OF ACTIVITIES AND A NORMAL ROUTINES TRANSPORT TO THE RANGE OF FACILITIES OF WORK AND DESTINATION REQUIRED TO SUPPORT SOCIAL THOSE ACTIVITIES. COMMITMENTS  PRINCIPAL TERMS IN DEFINING TRAVEL AND TOURISM 1. VISITORS - describe 2. TOURISTS - describe 3. SAME DAY VISITORS - all the travelers who visitors who stay Describe visitors who fall within agreed overnight at a arrive and depart on the definitions of tourism destination same day.  FOUR DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES OF TOURISM 2. BUSINESS PROVIDING 3. GOVERNMENT - 1. TOURIST - seeks TOURIST GOODS & Wealth factor in the various psychic and SERVICES - Opportunity to economy. Foreign physical experiences make profit. exchange receipt, tax and satisfactions. receipts 4. HOST COMMUNITY - Cultural and employment factor.  END OF FIRST PART OF CHAPTER 1 Activity 1: Narrate Your Memorable Experience as a Tourist Instructions: Please prepare a whole sheet of paper in which you narrate a memorable experience you had as a tourist. Your narrative should be in paragraph form and should answer the following questions: By Product: What type of tourism product were you engaged in? (e.g., adventure tourism, cultural tourism, recreation) By Nature of Activity: What activities did you participate in during your trip? (e.g., sightseeing, hiking, visiting museums) Location: Where did your trip take place? (Provide the name of the city, country, or specific destination.) Duration of Trip: How long did your trip last? (e.g., a weekend, one week, a month) Purpose: What was the primary purpose of your trip? (e.g., leisure, business, education) Challenges: Did you experience any challenges during your trip? If so, how did you or your team resolve them? Memorable Moments: What made your trip particularly memorable? Please include relevant pictures that complement your narrative. History & Nature of Tourism CONTINUATION  TOURISM CHAIN 1. TRAVEL AGENTS 2. THE OUTBOUND 3. THE INBOUND 4. LOCAL SERVICE OPERATOR OPERATOR PROVIDERS “Shop” Chain of retail outlets that offers a Specialize particularly Located in the Outside the Big Cities, broad range of in geographic regions or destination country, near the natural domestic and an specific activity. they provide complete attractions, these international travel packages of services maybe local lodge and services. from arrival in the hotel owners. country to departure.  EARLY AND LATER TOURIST ATTRACTIONS THE GREAT PYRAMID OF THE HANGING GARDENS (IRAQ) EGYPT INCLUDING THE SPHINX  EARLY AND LATER TOURIST ATTRACTIONS THE TOMB OF MAUSOLUS AT THE STATUE OF ZEUS AT HALICARNASSUS (TURKEY) OLYMPIA (GREECE)  EARLY AND LATER TOURIST ATTRACTIONS THE GREAT LIGHTHOUSE, PHAROS THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT IN ALEXANDRIA (EGYPT) EPHESUS (TURKEY) EARLY AND LATER TOURIST ATTRACTIONS THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES (GREECE)  THE FIRST TRAVEL AGENTS 1. ROBERT SMART 2. THOMAS COOK 3. THOMAS BENNETT In 1822, Robert of Bristol, in 1841, Cook was going to Englishman, serving as a England announced a Temperance Meeting. secretary to the British himself as the first Victorians most problems Consul-general in Oslo, Norway. Steamship agent. were related to drinking. Arranged scenic tours for Booking passengers on Practicability of employing visiting British notables. steamers to various Bristol great powers of railways In 1850, he set up a business Channel ports to Dublin. and locomotion for the Trip Organizer (itineraries, furtherance of Social carriages, provisions and Reform. travel kit.) Individual Inclusive Travel (The Basic Function of Travel Agencies)  HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION STAGECOACH TRAVEL Coaches were invented in Hungary in the 15th Century with provided regular service on prescribed routes. The development of english tavern was brought about the need for overnight lodging by stagecoach passengers. Rural inhabitants continued to rely on stagecoaches for local travel, and hotels sent them to meet trains or take guest sightsseeing.  HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION WATER TRAVEL Market boats picked up passengers as well as goods on ships in England in early as 1772. The Duke of Bridgewater began service between Manchester and London Bridge. By 1841, steamship excursions on the Thames were so well published that a publisher was bringing out weekly Steamboat Excursion Guide.  HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION RAIL TRAVEL Rail travel widely accepted for those with low incomes than stagecoach travel. Between 1826-1840, the first railroads were built in the United States.  HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION AUTOMOBILE AND MOTORCOACH TRAVEL Henry Ford's affordable cars revolutionized travel in the U.S. Created demand for better roads, Automobile dominance. Cars account for about 80% of all trips and intercity miles traveled. Early tourist courts evolved into modern motels and motor hotels. Motorcoaches remain a major mode of transportation. Rail travel offers nostalgic experiences, like FORD MODEL T 1908 steam trains in California.  HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION AIR TRAVEL Began with the Wright brothers' flight on December 17, 1903. First international mail route by Pan American Airways in 1927; first passenger flight in 1928. Boeing 707, the first civil jet, introduced in the 1950s. Concorde, a supersonic jet, was developed for transatlantic flights; retired in 2003. Advances in aviation include quieter, more efficient aircraft, improved cockpit technology, and GPS. 1978, airline travel was deregulated, allowing airlines to set their own routes and prices. This led to a significant increase in American travel, from 205 million passengers in 1975 to over 638 million by 2000. The development of the airplane is considered one of mankind’s most important innovations.  HISTORIC TRANSPORTATION WRIGHT FLYER IN 1903 BOEING 707 CONCORDE SUPERSONIC JET  TYPES OR FORMS OF TOURISM (ADDITIONAL) TOURISM IS A WORD THAT REFERS TO THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVING TRAVELS AND 3. ART TOURISM - Exposure to the different TEMPORARY STAY IN ANY CHOICE OF forms of art like paintings and sculpture. SELECTED DESTINATIONS. 4. BLACK TOURISM OR GRIEF TOURISM - 1. ADVENTURE TOURISM - Exploration or involves visiting sites associated with travel to remote areas, where the traveler suffering and death. should expect the unexpected. 5. BOOK STORE TOURISM - type of cultural 2. ARCHAEOTOURISM OR ARCHEOLOGICAL tourism that promotes independent TOURISM - alternation form of cultural bookstores as a group travel destination. tourism, which aims to promote passion for historical-archaeology and the conversation 6. CULINARY TOURISM - promotes drinking of historical sites. and dining with the locals at the chosen destination.  TYPES OR FORMS OF TOURISM (ADDITIONAL) 7. CULTURAL TOURISM OR HERITAGE TOURISM - 10. EDUCATIONAL TOURISM - purpose is involves immersion in a society’s lifestyle, it’s learning and enriching knowledge. people’s history, art and architecture, religion, other elements that have shaped it’s people. 11. EVENTS TOURISM - travelers participated in an event like fairs, celebrations, festivals, 8. DISASTER TOURISM - visiting areas that have rituals, ceremonies and birthdays. been affected by natural disasters, which is tourism accessible to the disabled. 12. EXTREME TOURISM - native societies, ghettos, jungles, and urban areas. 9.DOMESTIC TOURISM - travel within national boundary or own country. 13. SHOCK TOURISM - is the type of niche Ecotourism is travel to fragile and pristine protected tourism involving travel to dangerous places areas that strive to low impact and small scale. Educate or dangerous activities. the traveler, provide funds, and benefits the economic and political empowerment of local communities.  TYPES OR FORMS OF TOURISM (ADDITIONAL) 14. ETHNIC OR ETHNO TOURISM - observe a 17. FEMALE SEX TOURISM - is travel by country’s native people without the intent of women, particularly or fully purpose oh having scientific gain sex. 15. DENTAL TOURISM - subset sector of medical 18. GARDEN TOURISM - type of niche tourism tourism. It involves individuals seeking dental involving visits or travel to botanical gardens care outside of the local healthcare systems. and places which are significant in the history of gardening. 16. DRUG TOURISM - is the travel for the purpose of obtaining or using drugs for personal use that are unavailable or illegal in one’s home 19. Gay Tourism or LGBT Tourism - type of jurisdiction. tourism marketed to gay people who are open about their sexual orientation and who wish to visit and participate in the gay life destinations.  TYPES OR FORMS OF NEW TYPES OF TOURISM TOURISM (ADDITIONAL) 1. COASTAL TOURISM - land based tourism 20. GEOTOURISM - not just focuses on including swimming, sun bathing, and other sustainability but also on enhancing the areas coastal recreation activities which has character not as much related to the proximity by the sea. environment. Maritime Tourism boating, yachting, cruising, and nautical sports. 21. HEALTH TOURISM - also known as Medical Tourism. 2. URBAN TOURISM - The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has been addressing 22. INTERNATIONAL TOURISM - refers to Urban Tourism as a type of tourism activity traveling across national boundary or overseas. which takes place in an urban space with its inherent attributes characterized by non- agricultural based economy such a administration, manufacturing, trade and services and by being nodal points of transport..  NEW TYPES OF TOURISM 3. RURAL TOURISM - focuses on actively participating in a rural lifestyle. It can be variant of ecotourism. Many rural villages can facilitate tourism because many villagers are hospitable and eager to welcome (and sometime even host) visitors.  TYPES OF TOURIST DESTINATION 1. TRADITIONAL 2. SUMMER 3. ATTRACTIONS 4. CULTURAL TOURIST VACATIONS FOR KIDS ATTRACTIONS DESTINATIONS Castles, libraries Theme Parks Historical Places Beaches Museums Carnivals Monuments Tropical Island Resort Art Galleries Zoos and Aquaria Ancient Temples Ancient Temples National Parks, Mountains, Deserts and Forests Tourism is not just about visiting places; it's about experiencing them."