Chapter 1 Intro To Pharmacology PDF

Official Open CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY INP Oct 2024  Official Open Learning Objectives To define pharmacology, therapeutics and pharmacotherapeutics To identify the various sources of drugs To ident...

Official Open CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY INP Oct 2024  Official Open Learning Objectives To define pharmacology, therapeutics and pharmacotherapeutics To identify the various sources of drugs To identify the sources for drug information INP Oct 2024  Official Open What is Pharmacology? Greek term : pharmaco = drug , logy = study Means: The study of drugs Treat disease What is a DRUG? Chemical agents that interact with specific target molecules, to produce a biological effect. After a drug is administered, it is called “Medication” INP Oct 2024  Official Open Therapeutics & Pharmacotherapeutics Therapeutics is the branch of medicine concerned with disease prevention & treatment of suffering. Pharmacotherapy is the application of drugs for the purpose of disease prevention and treatment of suffering. INP Oct 2024  Official Open Recap Pharmacotherapy Psychotherapy Physiotherapy INP Oct 2024 Official Open Recap ? Pharmacology ?Therapeutics ? Pharmacotherapy INP Oct 2024  Official Open Page 1 of Textbook SOURCES OF DRUGS 1. Plants 3. Inorganic Compounds 2. Animals 4. Synthetic Sources INP Oct 2024 Official Open 2. Sources of Drugs 1. Plants These drugs are plants processed into chemicals Herbal remedies are plant based (ex. Digoxin & opium) INP Oct 2024  Official Open Digoxin and Opium Digoxin is derived from the Plant Foxglove. Digoxin is prescribed by doctors to strengthen the heart and regulate heartbeat. Opium is the dried latex from unripe poppy seed capsules from the Poppy Plant. Each capsule yields about 20 to 50 mg of opium that is used to produce opioid analgesics (ex: morphine, pethidine, fentanyl) mcq INP Oct 2024 2. Sources of Drugs Official Open 1.2 Animals Ex: Previously, Insulin & Growth hormone derived from pigs and cows nowadays – insulin is derived from recombinant DNA 1.3 Inorganic compounds Ex: aluminum (antacid), fluoride (dental caries), gold (Rheumatoid Arthritis - RA), iron (Fe deficiency anemia) 1.4 Synthetic sources Ex: barbiturates (CNS depressant), sulfonamides (antibacterial), and aspirin. INP Oct 2024 Official Open Recap mcq What are the sources of drugs? synthetic animals plants Most of the medication that we use today, inorganic belongs to which group source? Why? INP Oct 2024  Official Open Sources of drug information is called : Drug Compendia See Page 2 of (Pharmacopoeias/Formularies) textbook Official This can Compendia be divided into : Non Official Compendia INP Oct 2024 Official Open See Page 2 of Official Compendia textbook 1. Pharmacopeia 2. Hospital/ Drug Formularies mcq INP Oct 2024  Official Open 1.Pharmacopeia See Page 2 of textbook An official publication containing a list of drugs and medicinal preparations. Endorsed by the country: British Pharmacopoeia (BP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP) USA Pharmacopoeia (USP) INP Oct 2024 Official Open 2.Formularies Formulary: list of drugs U.S.P, E.P., B.P. Pharmacopoeia: a medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity, strength and analyzing methods. Contains drug monographs Hospital formulary INP Oct 2024  Official Open Sources of drug information…..cont. ….. (b) Non Official compendia (i) Text books (ii) Journals e.g. American Journal of Nursing (Research articles are Primary Source) (iii) Periodicals INP Oct 2024  Official Open Sources of drug information 3.2 Other Sources (a) Package inserts (b) Reference books e.g. Physician Drug Reference, Nursing Drug Handbook http://www.mims.com/ (d) Internet information e.g. http://www.rxlist.com http://www.mims.com/ (e) Pharmaceutical companies & representatives (f) Drug information on Online/Mobile Device (g) Pharmacists INP Oct 2024 Official Open Summary We have: - defined pharmacology, therapeutic and pharmacotherapeutics. - identified the various sources of drugs. - identified the sources for drug information. INP Oct 2024 Official Open References Adams, M.P., Holland, L.N., & Bostwick, P.M. (2011). Pharmacology for Nurses, A Pathophysiologic Approach. (3rd Ed). New Jersey: Pearson-Prentice Hall. Karch, A.M. (2008) Focus on Nursing Pharmacology.(4th Ed). Philadelphia : Lippincott Kee,J.L. & Hayes, E. R.(2009). Pharmacology: A Nursing Process Approach. (6th Ed). USA, W.B: Saunders. Ben Greenstein, Trounce's Clinical Pharmacology for Nurses, 18th edtion.2009, Elsevier INP Oct 2024