Micro Perspective of Tourism and Hospitality THC5 Chapter 1 PDF

Prepared by: Richel Pitogo, LPT, MSTM (CAR) Tourism It means traveling or visiting. The word Tourism was brought into English language from French word ‘Tourisme.’ The word tourism is related to tour which is derived from Latin word ‘Tornos.’ ‘Tornos’ means Turner’s wheel, or a tool for des...

Prepared by: Richel Pitogo, LPT, MSTM (CAR) Tourism It means traveling or visiting. The word Tourism was brought into English language from French word ‘Tourisme.’ The word tourism is related to tour which is derived from Latin word ‘Tornos.’ ‘Tornos’ means Turner’s wheel, or a tool for describing a circle. It is from this word ‘Tornos’ that the concept of a package tour or a ‘round tour’ has developed. The word ‘Tour’ means travelling to some places to know or find our any new facts about them. 4 Different Perspective of Tourism: 1. The Tourist 2. The business providing tourist goods and services 3. The government of the host community or area 4. The host community Official definition from UNWTO: “Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes” Types of Tourism based on geographical scope or location: 1. International Tourism a. Inbound Tourism- visits to a country by nonresidents b. Outbound Tourism- visits by residents of a country to another country 2. Internal Tourism- visits by residents and nonresidents of the country of reference 3. Domestic Tourism- visits by residents of a country to their own country 4. National Tourism- internal tourism plus outbound tourism “Traveler is any person on a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities within his/her country of usual residence. All types of travelers engaged in tourism are described as visitors” Two Categories of Visitors: (para ni sa galibog sa types ug categories, gi explain na gyud sa taas) 1. Same-day Visitors- visitors who do not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in a country visited. 2. Tourists- visitors who stay in the country visited for at least on night. Same-day visitors and excursionists are terms that can sometimes be used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings depending on the context. Same-day visitors refer to travelers who visit a place and return on the same day without staying overnight, focusing primarily on the duration of the trip rather than the nature of the activity. They may visit for sightseeing, business, leisure, or events. In contrast, excursionists are those whose trips are part of a larger journey or a short side trip from a main destination, such as cruise ship passengers taking day trips to nearby attractions while the ship is docked. Essentially, while same-day tourists highlight the travel duration, excursionists emphasize a specific side trip or activity related to a broader travel purpose. 2 Main Distinct Motivations that create desire in people to travel: 1. Wonder lust- it describes the desire to exchange the known for the unknown, to discover new places, people and cultures. The strong force to travel of this category is curiosity. 2. Sun lust- it denotes the kind of travel to enjoy more facilities or attractions not present in one’s own country. Sun lust lovers generally prefer adventure activities. 4 Basic Travel Motivators: 1. Physical Motivators-made for physical relaxation and rest, and special medical treatment or health care. All of these motives are connected with their bodily health and wellbeing. 2. Cultural Motivators- These include the desire to experience new cultures, traditions, and learn about different ways of life. An example is someone visiting historical sites like the pyramids of Egypt or attending cultural festivals like the Rio Carnival in Brazil to immerse themselves in local traditions. 3. Interpersonal Motivators- people travel with the purpose of meeting relatives or friends or to escape from one’s family workmates or neighbors for some time or to meet new people. 4. Status and Prestige motivators- travel is made for personal development, upgrading social status, earning respect and honor. For instance, Carlos Yulo might be motivated to travel to luxury destinations, high-profile events, or exclusive activities to reflect his success and prestige as a successful athlete. Similarly, attending prestigious international conferences or award ceremonies, such as the Nobel Prize or global film festivals, can provide honor and recognition in one’s field. Prepared by: Richel Pitogo, LPT, MSTM (CAR) Types of Tourism: 1. Mass Tourism- it is a group travel to destination for purpose of leisure. It is often the cheapest way to holiday and often sold as a package tour. 2. Adventure Tourism- is the type of tourism involving exploration or travel with perceived risk and potentially requiring specialized skills and physical exertion. There are three types of adventure tourism, land base, water base and air base. 3. Eco-Tourism- it is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environmental and improves the well-being of local people. 4. Sustainable Tourism- it is the concept of visiting a place as a tourist and trying to make only positive impaction the environment, society and economy. 5. Recreational Tourism- it is an activity of leisure, being discretionary time. They are often done for enjoyment, amusement of pleasure and are considered to be fun. 6. Health/Medical Tourism- it is the travel of people to another country for the purpose of obtaining medical treatment in that country. 7. Convention Tourism- it is the sense of meeting is a gathering of individuals who meet at an arranged place and time in order to discuss or engaged in some common interest. 8. Village and urban Tourism- Village tourism is the tourism activities in which village resources are fully utilized for the maximum satisfaction of their customers. Urban tourism is concerned with the city area like hotels and restaurants developed to cater the needs of the luxury tourist. 9. Ethnic Tourism- is concerned with the selling and organizing tours to visit indigenous society. Tour operating organization takes their customers to visit native people, their homes and villages to understand their customs and traditions. 10. Cultural Tourism- It is related to the tourist to the culturally rich sites to provide the knowledge of the culture of the region. 11. Historical Tourism- In which tourist can get different information and knowledge visiting historically importance places. It generally visits museums and palaces. 12. Domestic and International Tourism- Domestic Tourism focuses on the tourism within the country. It does not require visa formalities, and does not involve border formalities. Meanwhile, international tourism is concerned with foreign national and it generate foreign currency. It involves visa rules. Service Nature: 1. Perishability-services cannot be stored. 2. Heterogeneity- or known as inconsistency. Services are not the same every time. They can vary from one instance to another because they depend on who provides them and how. 3. Intangible- it is not possible to taste, feel, see, hear, or smell services before they are purchased. 4. Inseparability- also known as simultaneity. Services are produced and consumed at the same time. You can’t separate the service from the person providing it. 5. People Oriented- services often rely on interactions between people. The quality of service is affected by the behavior and skills of the people involved. 6. Inflexibility- services are often difficult to change or customize once they are set. For example, you can’t change the flight schedule after the plane has taken off. 7. Investment and immobility- investment providing services that often requires significant investment in resources, training, and infrastructure. Meanwhile, immobility refers to services tied to their place of delivery and cannot be moved. Tourism industry is a transformation agent. Transformative tourism is a type of tourism where tourists participate in travel that offers high level of immersion with the hos culture through different types of activities. Prepared by: Richel Pitogo, LPT, MSTM (CAR) Types of Experience: 1. Backpacking tourism- it is a transformation by having more self-awareness, on social issues such as cross- cultural awareness and understanding global issues better. 2. Volunteer tourism- it refers to a travel experience where individuals participate in volunteer work as part of their trip. This type of tourism is characterized by its focus on contributing to community development or environmental conservation while also immersing oneself in a new culture. 3. Educational travel/study abroad- Traveling to another country for academic, cultural, or research purposes, offering immersive learning experiences. This fosters personal growth, cross-cultural understanding, and empathy through intense cultural exchange. 4. Eco-Tourism/Nature based Tourism- it involves traveling to natural areas in a sustainable way, aiming to conserve the environment and educate travelers. It provides immersive experiences that foster a deeper connection with nature and increase awareness of environmental issues. 5. Extreme Sports- they are activities that can lead to serious accident or death in the event of mistakes. Tourists who experience this have increased humility, enhance spirituality and personal growth. 6. Yoga travel- it is deeply transformational as it connects body, mind and spirit with the self. 7. Cultural and creative tourism- it can be transformational as people experience awe for the presence of great art works and heritage buildings. 8. Rural and farm tourism- it offers the joy of a pure and simple way of life, making tourists more humbles and respectful of life. 9. Wellness and health tourism- It is considered transformative because it offers opportunities for significant personal change and improvement. Traveling for health-related purposes, like spa treatments or medical procedures, can lead to profound enhancements in physical and mental well-being, resulting in lasting personal growth and a healthier lifestyle. Aside from those experiences, another transformative factor is “Multiplier Effect” (sure ko na discuss na ninyo ni sa MACRO PERSPECTIVE kay naka tudlo sab kog macro before pero para pang refresh). The multiplier effect refers to how tourism can generate a chain reaction of economic benefits beyond the initial spending by tourists. When tourists spend money on services like hotels, restaurants, and attractions, this spending creates income for local businesses and employees. These businesses, in turn, spend their earnings on other local services and goods, further boosting the economy. This ripple effect can lead to significant positive changes in community development, infrastructure, and overall quality of life, transforming the local economy and social fabric. Prepared by: Richel Pitogo, LPT, MSTM (CAR)