macro-prelim-exam-reviewers-1.pdf

MACRO TOURISM PRELIM EXAMS -Activities of residents REVIEWER traveling within the countries CHAPTER 1 - Outside their...

MACRO TOURISM PRELIM EXAMS -Activities of residents REVIEWER traveling within the countries CHAPTER 1 - Outside their home 2. INBOUND TOURISM TOURISM - Activities of visitors from - Activities of persons visiting a main outside the country of destination residence a. Outside their usual - “International tourist” traffic environment entering a country b. Less than a year 3. OUTBOUND TOURISM c. Any main purpose including - Activities of residents holidays, leisure, business, (given country) and more. - Traveling and staying in TOURIST places - A person who travels and visits - Outside their country of places residence a. For pleasure b. For interest - outside their usual environment CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND c. Minimum of 24 hours but HOSPITALITY (4) not more than one year A. EXCURSIONIST 1. INTANGIBILITY - People who travel less than - Services that can’t be seen, 24 hours tasted, heard, or smelled and measured (before they MODEL OF TOURISTS BEHAVIOR (3) are received) 2. INSEPARABILITY 1. ALLOCENTRIC (THE - Service can’t be split from WANDERERS) the service providers - Seeks new experiences 3. PERISHABILITY - Explore new and unusual - Service usually can’t be areas stored as they are highly 2. PSYCHOCENTRIC (THE perishable REPEATER) 4. VARIABILITY - Non-adventuresome - Provide a distinct level of - Prefer returning to familiar pleasure and satisfaction to places the different times 3. MIDCENTRIC (COMBINATION) - Falls between allocentric TOURISM AS AN AREA OF STUDY (7) and psychocentric types - Not adventurous but open 1. TOURISM IS A SERVICE to experiences INDUSTRY 2. TOURISM IS AN EXPERIENCE TYPES OF TOURISM (3) ECONOMY 3. EVERY DAY IS DIFFERENT 1. DOMESTIC TOURISM 4. TOURISM IS GROWING 5. TOURISM IS LOCAL  6. YOU GET TO TRAVEL 4. INCREASED AWARENESS OF 7. TOURISM IS FUN NEW DESTINATIONS 5. POVERTY IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM CHAPTER 2 1. ECONOMIC PROGRESS 2. SOURCE OF INCOME STAGES OF TOURISM HISTORY AND 3. DEVELOPMENT OF DEVELOPMENT (7) INFRASTRUCTURE 4. SOCIETAL PROGRESS 1. EARLY FORMS OF TRAVEL 5. CULTURAL HERITAGE The main reason for traveling 6. TOURISM AND ENVIRONMENT - Seek for food or shelter Donkeys, horses, and camels for SECTORS OF TOURISM AND transportation HOSPITALITY - From 3000 BC to 5000 BC - Wheel invented (3500 BC) 1. FOOD AND BEVERAGES 2. TRAVEL AND TOURISM 2. THE EMPIRE ERA 3. LODGING Travel by boat 4. RECREATION Greece Empire: promoted the use of a common language FIVE MAIN COMPONENTS OF A (Mediterranean region) BETTER TOURISM PRODUCT 3. THE MIDDLE AGE ERA 1. ACCOMMODATION Crusades: series of religious wars - Where to stay - Between Christians and Muslims to 2. ACCESSIBILITY retake the holy land - What are the means of getting there 4. THE RENAISSANCE ERA 3. ACTIVITIES Marco Polo: Venetian merchant - Things to do when you get - Traveled along the silkroad there - Appointed foreign tax collector 4. AMENITIES The cyriacus: first recorded - Things that make you “tourist”, cyriacus of ancona italy convenient 5. ATTRACTIONS 5. THE GRAND TOUR ERA - What is there to see Lasts for 3 and a half years 6 months of traveling and 3 years IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON of living abroad TOURISM Industrial Revolution: transition from creating goods by hand to 1. GLOBAL MOBILITY AND EASE using machines OF TRAVEL 2. POPULATION AND 6. THE MOBILITY ERA DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS Automobiles and travel were 3. TERRORISM, SAFETY, AND invented SECURITY Henry Ford’s: Model T in 1914  Orville and Wilbur Wright: ushered BASIC ELEMENTS OF LEIPER’S in the era of flight TOURISM SYSTEM (2) 7. THE MODERN ERA George Westinghouse created 1. THE TOURIST - The paid vacation, annual breaks - Actor in leiper's tourism from work for employees system - They move around NOTABLE PEOPLE IN THE TRAVEL HISTORY (2) 2. THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES THOMAS COOK - The geographical area - Father of modern tourism involved in the tourism - First introduced tour package process - 1841: first tour group of 485 people - attend a temperance rally COMPONENTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL - price of 1 shilling (12 pence) in FEATURES Leicester, England A. THE TOURIST GENERATING THOMAS BENNETT REGION - The first person to specialize in “ B. THE TOURIST TRANSIT REGION Individual Inclusive Travel” C. THE TOURIST DESTINATION - 1850: set up a trip organizer REGION FORMS OF TOURISM (13) CHAPTER 3 - THE TOURISM SYSTEM: NETWORK AND SUPPLY 1. MASS TOURISM COMPONENTS - Poon 1993: movement of large number of organized BASIC APPROACHES OF THE STUDY tourists OF TOURISM (8) - For recreational purposes - Phenomenon: 1. INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH characterized by the use of 2. HISTORICAL APPROACH standardized package 3. MANAGERIAL APPROACH products and mass 4. ECONOMIC APPROACH consumption 5. SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH 6. GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH 2. NATURAL TOURISM 7. PRODUCT APPROACH - Known as nature-based 8. INTERDISCIPLINARY tourism APPROACH - Natural attraction based on an area SYSTEM USED IN TOURISM INDUSTRY a. Eco b. Adventure LEIPER’S TOURISM SYSTEM c. Wildlife - Devised a whole tourism system model (1979) 3. ECOTOURISM - restructured in 1990  - Form of tourism, marketed as - Visitors explore locations “responsible” travel to natural destinations that have become areas popular (films/TV series) 3. WILDLIFE TOURISM 12. RELIGIOUS TOURISM - Observation and interaction (local - Followers of specific faiths who animal and plant life) in their visit sites that are considered holy natural habitats sites for them 4. ADVENTURE TOURISM 13. PINK TOURISM - Niche of tourism - LGBT tourism - Involving exploration with a certain - Marketed to LGBT, open to their degree of risk sexual orientation and gender a. Hard tourism b. Soft tourism 5. CULTURAL AND HERITAGE TOURISM - Traveling to experience the places, artifacts, and activities 6. MEDICAL TOURISM - Occurs when consumers elect to travel across international borders with the intention of receiving some medical treatment 7. CULINARY TOURISM - Active pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences 8. DARK TOURISM - Tourist destination, attraction, place, or site related to death 9. CRUISE TOURISM - Luxurious form of tourism - All-inclusive holiday on a cruise ship of at least 24 hours 10. SPACE TOURISM - Seeks to give tourists the ability to become astronauts and experience space travel 11. FILM TOURISM