Chapter 3 Biological Psychology Fill-in-the-Blank Questions PDF

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 3: Biological Psychology 2) The activity of neurons is highly dependent on the support of glial cells, which surprisingly outnumber neurons 10 to 1 in the brain. Correct: Outnumbe...

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 3: Biological Psychology 2) The activity of neurons is highly dependent on the support of glial cells, which surprisingly outnumber neurons 10 to 1 in the brain. Correct: Outnumbering neurons 10 to 1, glial cells are specialized cells of the nervous system that are involved in mounting immune responses in the brain, removing wastes, and synchronizing activity of the billions of neurons comprising the nervous system. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 94-95 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with nerve cells, hormones, and their functioning. 3) Lasting only a few milliseconds, there fractory period is a brief period after an action potential when a neuron cannot fire again. Correct: Following an action potential, there is a refractory period: a brief period in which a neuron cannot fire. Within a couple of milliseconds, however, the neuron returns to its resting potential and can fire again if stimulated. Diff: 1 Type: FIB Page Reference: 96 Skill: Factual Objective: Understand how nerve cells communicate. 4) Because GABA is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, it facilitates sleep and reduces arousal of the nervous system. Correct: GABA is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the nervous system, meaning that it prevents neurons from generating an action potential. It does this by reducing the negative charge of neighboring neurons even further than their resting state of –70mv. As an inhibitor, GABA facilitates sleep and reduces arousal of the nervous system. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 98 Skill: Factual Objective: Understand the ways that drugs and other substances affect the brain. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 1 of 3  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 3: Biological Psychology 5) Kyle has a paper due for a class in two days and he hasn't even started it. When Kyle realizes how much work he still needs to do, the adrenal glands are stimulated to start producing stress hormones, such as cortisol and epinephrine, to help mobilize the body. Correct: The adrenal glands are paired endocrine glands adjacent to the kidneys that release stress hormones, such as cortisol and epinephrine. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 98 Skill: Applied Objective: Understand the role that hormones play in our behaviour. 6) Part of the thrill some people feel from riding roller coasters comes from the beating heart, dry mouth, and sweaty palms they get as the roller coaster slowly climbs the first hill. These physiological responses are all caused by the sympathetic nervous system division of the autonomic nervous system. Correct: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the fight-or-flight response of an increased heart rate, perspiration, dilated pupils, and decreased salivary flow—responses that prepare the body for action. It is one-half of the autonomic nervous system. Diff: 1 Type: FIB Page Reference: 107 Skill: Applied Objective: Know the key terminology associated with the structure and organization of the nervous system. 7) The amygdala and the hippocampus are two of the interconnected structures that form the limbic system, which is involved in emotion and memory. Correct: The limbic system is an integrated network of forebrain structures which is involved in emotion and memory. The amygdala and hippocampus are both well-studied parts of the limbic system. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 111 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with the structure and organization of the nervous system. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 2 of 3  Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 3: Biological Psychology 8) Sapna's grandmother has a stroke that damages tissue in one of her occipital lobes. Sapna is told to expect that her grandmother might have difficulty seeing even after she recovers. Correct: The occipital lobes are at the rear of the brain where visual information is processed. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 112 Skill: Applied Objective: Apply your knowledge of brain regions to predict which abilities might be affected when a specific area is injured or diseased. 9) Dr. McKenzie is performing a study to determine which brain regions are most active when participants recall traumatic events. To do this, he injects them with radioactive glucose. The slight radioactivity allows him to track the glucose using a PET scan to determine which brain regions are using glucose at a fast rate. Correct: In PET scans, low levels of radioactive glucose are injected into the blood, and its movement to regions of the brain engaged in a particular task is measured (active nerve cells use up the glucose at a faster rate than do resting cells). This technique allows researchers to monitor brain activity while a person performs a task such as reading or viewing emotionally charged stimuli. Diff: 2 Type: FIB Page Reference: 125 Skill: Applied Objective: Analyze whether neuroimaging can be used to diagnose brain injuries. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. Page 3 of 3