Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 1 PDF

Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices and the Internet Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 1 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain wh...

Discovering Computers Technology in a World of Computers, Mobile Devices and the Internet Chapter 1 Basic Introduction to Computers Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 9 1 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain why computer computer and describe Describe the five or digital literacy is vital the relationship components of a to success in today’s between data and computer world information Describe the types and Distinguish between Describe the role of functions of computers system software and each element in an in their categories application software information system See Page 2 2 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 for Detailed Objectives A World of Technology Because technology changes, you must keep up with the changes to remain digitally literate Digital literacy involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers, mobile devices, the Internet, and related technologies Pages 2 - 3 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 3 Figure 1-1 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain why computer computer and describe Describe the five or digital literacy is vital the relationship components of a to success in today’s between data and computer world information Describe the types and Distinguish between Describe the role of functions of computers system software and each element in an in their categories application software information system See Page 2 4 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 for Detailed Objectives Computers A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Accepts Produces data Processing information (input) (output) Page 4 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 5 Computers Laptop Tablet Desktop Server Pages 4 and 6 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 6 Figures 1-2 – 1-5 Mobile and Game Devices Smartphone Digital camera Portable media player E-book reader Game console Pages 7 - 9 7 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Figures 1-6 – 1-10 Data and Information Page 11 8 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 Figure 1-11 Data and Information Data Information Data is a collection of Information conveys unprocessed items which can meaning and is useful for include text, numbers, images, organization to make better audios and video. business decision. A computer often holds data, information and instructions in storage for future use. The series of input process, output and storage activities is refer to as the information processing cycle. Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 9 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain why computer computer and describe Describe the five or digital literacy is vital the relationship components of a to success in today’s between data and computer world information Describe the types and Distinguish between Describe the role of functions of computers system software and each element in an in their categories application software information system See Page 2 10 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 for Detailed Objectives The Components of a Computer The five computer hardware components of a computer include : Input devices Output devices System unit Storage devices Communication devices. Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 11 Input Devices A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device Page 12 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 12 Figure 1-12 Input Devices A pointing device is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol on the screen called a pointer Some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data instructions using voice input and to capture live full- motion images using video input Pages 12 – 13 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 13 Figure 1-14 Input Devices A scanner is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a form the computer can process Page 13 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 14 Figure 1-15 Output Devices An output device is any hardware component that conveys information from a computer or mobile device to one or more people A printer is an output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper Page 14 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 15 Figure 1-16 Output Devices A display is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information Page 14 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 16 Figure 1-17 Output Devices Speakers allow you to hear audio such as music, voice, and other sounds Earbuds Headphones Page 15 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 17 Figure 1-18 System Unit The processor, also called a CPU (central processing unit) is the electronic component that interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software. The control unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 18 Memory Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and the data needed by those instructions The system unit contains two types of memory: Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory Loses its contents when power is Does not lose contents when power is turned off removed Examples include ROM, flash Example includes RAM memory, and CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 19 Memory Read-only memory (ROM) refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions These ROM Chips are called Firmware Page 228 Discovering Computers 2014: Chapter 4 20 Storages Devices A computer keeps data, instructions, and information on a storage media A storage device records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 21 Storages Devices Hard Disk Solid-State USB Flash Drive Drive Memory Card Optical Disc Cloud Storage Pages 15 – 17 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 22 Figures 1-19 – 1-24 Communication Devices A communications device is hardware capable of transferring items from computers and devices to transmission media and vice versa Page 29 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 23 Figure 1-30 Communication Devices Examples of wireless communications technologies include: Wi-Fi Bluetooth Cellular radio Page 30 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 24 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain why computer computer and describe Describe the five or digital literacy is vital the relationship components of a to success in today’s between data and computer world information Describe the types and Distinguish between Describe the role of functions of computers system software and each element in an in their categories application software information system See Page 2 25 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 for Detailed Objectives Types and functions of Computer Types of computers include: Personal Mobile computer computer and Game consoles (desktop) mobile devices Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded computers Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 26 Desktops and Mobile Computers A personal computer (PC) is a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself and is intended to be used by one person at a time A mobile computer is a portable personal computer, designed so that a user easily can carry it from place to place Page 19 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 27 Desktops and Mobile Computers Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 28 Desktops and Mobile Computers A desktop, or desktop computer, is a personal computer designed to be in a stationary location, where all of its components fit on or under a desk or table Page 20 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 29 Desktops and Mobile Computers A laptop, also called a notebook computer, is a thin, lightweight mobile computer with a screen in its lid and a keyboard in its base Page 20 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 30 Desktops and Mobile Computers A tablet is a thin, lightweight mobile computer that has a touch screen Page 21 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 31 Mobile Devices Page 21 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 32 Desktops and Mobile Computers A handheld computer is a computer small enough to fit in one hand Page 23 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 33 Game Devices A game console is a mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games A handheld game device is a small mobile device that contains a screen, speakers, controls, and game console all in one unit Game controllers include gamepads, joysticks and wheels, dance pads, and a variety of motion-sensing controllers Page 24 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 34 Game Devices Page 24 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 35 Servers A server is a computer dedicated to providing one or more services to other computers or devices on a network Rack server Blade server Tower server Page 751 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 36 Servers Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 37 Supercomputers A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful computer — and the most expensive Page 25 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 38 Mainframe computer A mainframe computer is a term used for a large, expensive, a powerful, computer system that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously. The main features are as follows: They can have several CPUs. They have very fast processor speeds. They can support multiple operating systems. They have huge amounts of storage capacity. They have huge internal memories (e.g. several hundred Gbyte of RAM). They often operate using time sharing or batch processing Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 39 Embedded Computers An embedded computer is a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product Home Consumer automation Automobiles electronics devices Process Computer controllers and devices and robotics office machines Page 26 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 40 Embedded Computers Page 26 Discovering Computers 2016: Chapter 1 (Lesson 3) 41 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain why computer computer and describe Describe the five or digital literacy is vital the relationship components of a to success in today’s between data and computer world information Describe the types and Distinguish between Describe the role of functions of computers system software and each element in an in their categories application software information system See Page 2 42 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 for Detailed Objectives Computer Software Software, also called a program, tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them. There are two types of software namely: system software application software Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 43 Systems software System software consists of programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices. There are two types of system software namely: System Software Operating system Utility program Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 44 Operating System An operating system is a set of programs that coordinate and allow the hardware devices to run properly. The general tasks include: controlling the operation of the devices (input, output and backing storage) supervising the loading, running and storage of applications programs maintaining computer security maintaining a computer log communication between user and the computer system Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 45 Utility Program A utility program allows a user to perform maintenance tasks to managing a computer, its devices or its programs. Most operating systems include several utility programs for managing disks drives, printers, and other devices and media. Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 46 Applications software Application software consists of programs that allow users to perform specific tasks, e.g. spreadsheets, word processing, presentation, accounting, banking software. Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 47 Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Command line interface (CLI) GUIs allow the user to interact with a computer using pictures or symbols (icons) rather than having to type in a number of commands. CLIs require a user to type in instructions in order to choose options from menus, open software etc. Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 48 Objectives Overview Define the term, Explain why computer computer and describe Describe the five or digital literacy is vital the relationship components of a to success in today’s between data and computer world information Describe the types and Distinguish between Describe the role of functions of computers system software and each element in an in their categories application software information system See Page 2 49 Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 for Detailed Objectives  Five key elements of an information system (IS) include employees, customers, vendors or others who directly interact with the system Hardware refers to the physical layer of the information Procedures define system. the tasks that must be performed Software consists of system software The data entered and application into the computer software. must be accurate. Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 50  End Discovering Computers: Chapter 1 51