Tacheometric Surveying (CH4 Part-1) PDF

Tachesmetny Swe qenrally horizontal distane a measd laying f chains or tapel direct methdi, i.es nound. sut thee mithod are nat atay nvenient t the aund is wnddating and inacceBsilole. Under these cirultances, indiret method ae woe...

Tachesmetny Swe qenrally horizontal distane a measd laying f chains or tapel direct methdi, i.es nound. sut thee mithod are nat atay nvenient t the aund is wnddating and inacceBsilole. Under these cirultances, indiret method ae woed ts tais orizonta ditaneLs. ne Such motthodaTacheomety Lo VSing tacheometie methsce, elvatigns alio Cn olso be ba deter'ned, L Tacheonethy sutveyng ich bath th hoizental and vtial poeition ot peinta dutermined, frem inatnumental obstvatibns. Here, chain Auveye baing entirly eliminated A torizonta d'stanee and veutad distauu (u) taehzomet  D from A OAB e 40cD, distaees ot thru pan frem insbunent. S S S,, S,, Sy ae steti Similary, D D3 indevada/stadtindragt D S, S Sg tene t worka enthe prneiple of similar tring the cissceles tnangles inatru Stathatio t hoiyental ditanee into capts the stadn ttod ot diferent pirde # Essenli'al Aequireneuty 'fnetunent of trcheDnety Tacheomet A) staelia hode. () Tacheometu. L t tacheometu is slmilar to an ordinay tant theocoi, fttod oith ts Stadia. wires/ hair additi On fo the central cra air. The stadia diagam diphragom honsetal hais vie. a central horiontal Stadia hairs, hain and. uiper and lewer stadia hair Central hair stadia interva Stadia har (a) stadia hode rdinag lereing atntt may be used. stadia tod is wsed. 8tadia rod ú genray 3 m to 20 Le=Smm  mealuremima tmo ot taehogmotne 2) Tagential kgst m. Stadia System Ly This system extensie ied. In this system, a taeheometer a tist a Stas üheld &et up at a Station (p) and at statin (8). kneuoing statt interaft S ie. the diene: By aetwen wpp hain reading nd laer bai huading and votial agle, o, the horital istane D and vtical dstane lae duter mined. Stadia systum ompiies two methadi a) Fud hai mehod i-fized Movabte haw methad, i-va a) Fed eais methad ’ In thi method, the ditace. boween hais i.e. Stadia. uppn hain and lower inteval (i), enn he diaphagm of tha lens Aystem s f'zod. The sta inlucapt s thre fore caang istanee D and voiea necoding toto. t e xed hais methed, s tue, ne, whit wsed. manty e Movable hais muthod stadia iter val (i) -’ In lhis mthod the an be changad bg oig mierometer berenS. Kept the statt intreepte (s) Morable hair metad ede ue to ditficutties im dater Vemmen the alue minig  Tangential Agtm dystemm the vvtal an les 9 L In this and O to the tuo tarzet tized are hecorded. Targels are txed at statt Theae enable to daterm vet'al ntal ista nce istanee V mthod BaiPrineiple sf stadia Distanee - Intercapt formula ) ano ced has meted Comeideia Let ophical centre ot he abyeet The three Stadia hairs 4, b, ame coreeponag C. are A, 8 and Lngt  V tormu Len frem Vi S i triange, similar From ttt the to xis a etial the from distance hori3ontal = g plane t the totromo stanee di' stast the to m otodistanee o stanee to trom di is a ofvesfical interept tatt AB= ab interval stadia lot xiveriol s a inatumnt tiephrgm B  Now, Horiyntal distanee, D= f(+)t d +f+d ()+(ftd) Ks +C multipging conatant K= where, taehesmitr, it a generay (00. hept adalitve contant conata nt hes C = (ftd) = &, teleocope with nallacic lens. K= 100 for anellacti lens Multpying cenetant, k amd addfve Conetan, e are alle d tacheemetue conatant for aa taeheometeh