Information Technology GEN102 Course Notes PDF

Information Technology GEN102 Dr. Mahmoud Chapter 1 El-arabawi Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 1 Lecture Rules 1. Arrive on Time. 2. Turn Off Cell Phones (Silent). 3. Do not have private conversations. 4. If You Have a Question, Ask fo...

Information Technology GEN102 Dr. Mahmoud Chapter 1 El-arabawi Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, 6th Edition 1 Lecture Rules 1. Arrive on Time. 2. Turn Off Cell Phones (Silent). 3. Do not have private conversations. 4. If You Have a Question, Ask for Help 1-2 Course Plan: Course Plan GEN101.docx 1-3 Evaluation ⚫ Total Degree: 100 ⚫ Mid Term: 15 ⚫ Practical: 30 ⚫ Oral: 15 ⚫ Final Exam: 40 1-4 Introduction to Information Technology & Computer Systems Chapter 1 Chapter 1: Outline ⚫ Introduction to IT ⚫ Computer Systems Components: ⚫ Hardware ⚫ Software ⚫ Networks 6 Learning Objectives ⚫ After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ⚫ Describe the components of computer system ⚫ Explain the computer hardware ⚫ Explain the computer software ⚫ Explain the different types of input and output devices ⚫ Explain the various types of memory ⚫ Explain the computer Networks 7  Information Technology ⚫ Information Technology (IT) this is a general term which relates to the use of computers as an aid to creating and maintaining data, i.e. information. IT is related to all aspects of managing and processing information, especially within a large organization. ⚫ Information technology plays a major role in reengineering business processes, the speed, information processing power, and ease-of-use of modern computer hardware, software, and networks can dramatically increase the efficiency of business processes, and communications among its people. ⚫ IT is hardware, software, networking and data management. 8  Computer ⚫ A computer is an electronic device that can implement a programmed list of instructions and also respond to new instructions that it is given to perform some task. ⚫ A computer is programmable, multiuse that accepts data- raw facts and figures and processes, or manipulates, it into information that can use, such as summaries or totals. Its purpose is to speed up problem solving and increase productivity. 9  Computer components ⚫ Hardware: Consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. Anything that can be touched ⚫ Software: Consists of the computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. Tell the computer what to do 10 Hardware Components 11  Hardware Components ⚫ Input/Output devices ⚫ Storage Devices ⚫ CPU ⚫ ALU: arithmetic/logic unit ⚫ CU: control unit ⚫ Interface unit ⚫ Memory ⚫ Short-term storage for CPU calculations 12 Hardware Component 13 Input and output devices ⚫ Allows the user to interact ⚫ Input devices accept data ⚫ Keyboard, mouse ⚫ Output devices deliver data ⚫ Monitor, printer, speaker ⚫ Some devices are input and output ⚫ Touch screens 1-14 I/O Devices CPU: Central Processing Unit ⚫ ALU: arithmetic/logic unit ⚫ Performs arithmetic and Boolean logical calculations ⚫ CU: control unit ⚫ Controls processing of instructions ⚫ Controls movement of data within the CPU ⚫ Interface unit ⚫ Moves instructions and data between the CPU and other hardware components ⚫ Bus: bundle of wires that carry signals and power between different components 1-16 Memory devices ⚫ Stores data or programs ⚫ Random Access Memory (RAM) : Also known as primary storage, working storage, and RAM (random access memory) ⚫ Consists of bits, each of which hold a value of either 0 or 1 (8 bits = 1 byte) ⚫ Stores both instructions , data of a computer program Stores, data and programs ⚫ More RAM results in a faster system ⚫ Read Only Memory (ROM) ⚫ Permanent storage of programs ⚫ Holds the computer boot directions 1-17 Storage devices ⚫ Hold data and programs permanently ⚫ Different from RAM ⚫ Magnetic storage ⚫ Floppy and hard drive ⚫ Uses a magnet to access data ⚫ Optical storage ⚫ CD and DVD drives ⚫ Uses a laser to access data ⚫ Hard Disk Software ⚫ Tells the computer what to do ⚫ three types ⚫ System software ⚫ Operating system : An interface between applications and hardware. ▪ Windows 10, 11 ▪ Network operating system (OS) ▪ Windows Server 2003 ▪ Unix, linux ⚫ Application software ⚫ MS Office, Photoshop ⚫ Programming Language (Python, java, C++) Networks and Internet Networks: Connect computers and equipment to enable electronic communication. Communication systems allowing computers to share resources. Internet: World’s largest computer network, consisting of thousands of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information. 1-20 Thank You 1-21