CH 8 Ergonomics PDF

CH 8 Ergonomics, Biomechanics, Body Mechanics Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Paula operates a forklift; Ellen is a library assistant, restacking books on high shelves; Cyndi is a dancer; and Natasha is a massage therapist. Unl...

CH 8 Ergonomics, Biomechanics, Body Mechanics Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Paula operates a forklift; Ellen is a library assistant, restacking books on high shelves; Cyndi is a dancer; and Natasha is a massage therapist. Unlike the others’ work, Natasha’s work involves a. dynamic and static movements. b. downward and forward pressure to deliver compressive force. c. a focus on lifting and exerting force outward. d. exerting an upward force. ____ 2. While giving a massage, shifting the center of gravity forward to deliver pressure involves the concept of a. straight-back stability. b. stacking the joints. c. perpendicularity. d. weight transfer. ____ 3. Keeping the body in a straight line from the feet through the shoulders to the forearms to the heels of the hands is practicing the concept of a. straight-back stability. b. stacking the joints. c. perpendicularity. d. weight transfer. ____ 4. Which position is necessary for back stability? a. Pushing with the upper body b. Keeping the weight on the back leg and heel c. Flexibility of the muscles of the torso d. Keeping the elbows and wrist joints loose ____ 5. Neck and shoulder pain from performing massage therapy is most likely the result of a. using upper body strength to push and exert pressure for massage. b. leveraging and leaning with body weight to provide pressure. c. looseness in the arms and hands while giving a massage. d. keeping the knees flexed while providing pressure. ____ 6. To prevent low back pain from performing massage, the massage therapist should a. try to keep the elbows straight rather than bent. b. bend or twist at the waist while working. c. avoid frequent posture shifting while working. d. avoid using an asymmetric stance. ____ 7. To prevent knee issues while performing massage, the massage therapist should a. use a knee-lock position in the last 15 degrees of extension on the back of the weight-bearing leg. b. straighten the knee and avoid any angulation in extension to increase compressive forces in the joint capsule. c. use a symmetric stance. d. perform fewer massages. ____ 8. Which method would help a massage therapist who has injured his or her thumb while performing massage? a. Continue to use it for compression but stabilize it. b. Stop trying to use the hand as a unit. c. Apply compressive force with the ulnar side of the forearm. d. Decrease use of the forearm for gliding or compression. ____ 9. To protect the practitioner, the application of compressive forces should involve a. twisting of the body at the shoulder and pelvic girdle. b. narrowing the stance by moving the back leg forward to eliminate body angulation. c. shifting the balance point to the contact point between the hand or forearm and the client’s body. d. as much muscle strength as possible. ____ 10. Firm, even pressure is best accomplished by the practitioner a. distributing weight evenly on both feet. b. shifting weight from back to front foot. c. keeping weight on the back foot for even pressure levels. d. using muscular strength generated by the shoulder girdle. ____ 11. Which activity is part of the massage therapist’s self-care? a. Massaging own hands, arms, and shoulders b. Stretching between massages c. Getting a professional massage weekly d. All of the above ____ 12. Which approach is part of practicing good body mechanics? a. Using a massage table 28 inches wide b. Having a weight-bearing balance point from the knees when working on a floor mat c. Using the forearm as much as possible to perform techniques d. All of the above ____ 13. Effective body mechanics is characterized by a. having the arms at a 75- to 90-degree angle to the client’s body. b. keeping the deltoid and shoulder muscles firm. c. applying pressure on a downhill slide. d. maintaining alignment of shoulder and pelvic girdles. ____ 14. Which statement is most correct when considering body mechanic adjustments between males and females? a. Females may require a higher massage table than a male of similar height. b. Males require a wider massage table for clients because their arm reach is longer. c. Females are as able to stabilize the shoulder girdle as males making adaptation minimal. d. Males are more likely to experience torsion forces in the low back than females. ____ 15. A client is requesting self-help for a low back and hamstring issue. Which body mechanic concepts for the practice of massage would be an appropriate self-help method? a. Weight transfer b. Core stability c. Stacked joints d. Perpendicularity ____ 16. The area of contact between the practitioner and client is called the a. still point. b. starting position. c. fulcrum. d. balance point. ____ 17. The term for the use of the body in an efficient and biomechanically correct way is a. postural mechanics. b. body mechanics. c. proprioceptive response. d. gait position. ____ 18. Which statement is most correct when considering body mechanic adjustments between males and females? a. A female’s center of gravity is lower and farther back than a male’s. b. Females generally carry more weight above the waist, whereas males carry their weight below the waist. c. When a man flexes forward, the center of gravity is over his heels. d. When a woman flexes forward, her center of gravity is over her toes. ____ 19. Body mechanics involves which strategy? a. Reducing the number of massage sessions to no more than three per day to prevent overuse syndrome b. Building upper body strength and participating in ongoing weight training c. Using efficient posture balance and leverage d. Avoiding the use of compressive stress derived from weight transfer ____ 20. The major difference between the body mechanics used by nurses and by massage therapists is demonstrated by which concept? a. Mechanical force in massage is applied downward as opposed to using a lifting action. b. Joint stability without flexibility is necessary for massage. c. There is a need for abrupt movement during weight transfer by nurses. d. Massage is much more dynamic and unrestrained than the effort exerted by nurses. ____ 21. A new massage therapist also has extensive training in ballet. He is in excellent physical condition but finds himself exhausted after giving only four massage sessions in a day. The most logical reason for this is the a. forces used by the body are similar and therefore fatiguing. b. massage application is much more dynamic than the static movement of dance. c. the activities are almost opposite, and the activities of massage are new and different. d. acceleration and deceleration used in keeping the back straight are dynamically opposed. ____ 22. Which approach will most likely result in neck pain when performing massage therapy? a. Keeping the hands relaxed b. Externally rotating the back foot c. Using upper body strength d. Only standing during the treatment ____ 23. If the role of the back foot is to create an asymmetric stance and is weight bearing, the role of the front foot is to provide a. flexibility and agility. b. power and stability. c. stability and a way to modify pressure. d. a 45-degree angle at the shoulder. ____ 24. If a massage practitioner has long legs and a short torso, the best table height for her would be a. fingertip height. b. wrist level. c. lower than fingertip height. d. waist level. ____ 25. Which statement most accurately portrays how massage should be done? a. Massage is best performed on a massage table to get the best leverage. b. Massage should be performed only on a floor mat if the client is very large. c. Leverage advantages exist for massage on both the table and the mat. d. Using stools or chairs during the massage interferes with body mechanics. ____ 26. A massage therapist notices that her low back is aching. Which adjustment in body mechanics would help the most? a. Make sure her torso is not twisted. b. Change her shoes. c. Alter her body position so more strokes flow downhill. d. Face slightly off center in relationship to the area being worked on. ____ 27. A client has well-developed muscles, especially in the legs, and prefers firm, even pressure. To provide this to the client, the massage therapist should use a. altered friction methods. b. a symmetric stance. c. counterpressure. d. evenly distributed weight on both feet. ____ 28. Bending forward and using upper body strength can be caused by a. improper weight distribution on the feet. b. adequate breathing function. c. great muscle strength in the shoulders. d. excessive wrist mobility. ____ 29. If a massage therapist has a tendency to stand on his or her toes while performing massage, what is the most likely cause? a. A floor that is tiled instead of carpeted b. Hard-soled shoes instead of rubber-soled c. A table height that is too high d. Using an asymmetric stance ____ 30. After a massage practitioner completes a massage in a client’s home, she notices that her legs ache. Which is the most logical reason? a. Carrying the massage table in and out b. Taking off her shoes and doing massage in her socks c. Placing the massage table in the center of the living room d. Using an asymmetric stance while massaging ____ 31. Proper application of body mechanics principles is characterized by a. good posture and balance. b. the use of muscle strength to apply pressure. c. fatigue from overuse syndromes. d. being exactly the same for each individual. ____ 32. Areas of the massage professional’s body commonly under stress include a. primarily the shoulder and the wrist. b. the neck, shoulder, arm, hand, low back, and leg. c. only the hand and the knee. d. primarily the hand and the thumb. ____ 33. A massage therapist can prevent injury by a. maintaining a 90-degree angle at the wrist during compression. b. standing still and limiting movement. c. working efficiently by using body weight and not muscle strength. d. keeping both feet flat on the floor at all times. ____ 34. A general rule that applies to body mechanics is to keep a. feet as close together as possible. b. weight on the front foot. c. ahead of the stroke. d. wrists and hands relaxed. ____ 35. For best body mechanics, the massage practitioner’s knees a. should be in the normal screw-home position while generating force. b. must have greater compressive force. c. increase the size of the joint capsule as they stabilize. d. create the least compressive force on the joint when flexed. ____ 36. Massage uses a force that is generated primarily a. forward and backward. b. forward and downward. c. upward and downward. d. backward and forward. ____ 37. Correct body mechanics include weight on the back foot with the a. same-side working hand. b. opposite-side working hand. c. front foot placed firmly on the floor. d. body facing 90 degrees to the generated line of pressure. ____ 38. For proper body mechanics, triangles can be used a. as guidelines to determine distance from the contact hand or forearm. b. as a rule to determine knee angle. c. to place a short stool so it is the right height. d. to help carry a portable table. ____ 39. Which factor does ergonomics involve? a. Table height b. Weight transfer c. Stacked joints d. Foot position ____ 40. Which concept is involved in biomechanics? a. The number of scheduled clients b. Floor surface c. Maintaining neutral position d. Room size