Menstruation & Menopause CH-4 PDF

MENSTRUATION & MENOPAUSE Prof. JHAL BARCIAL-ESPINOSA, MAN, RN OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING  1 2 3 4 LEARNING OBJECTIVE S Relate Identify the Use critical Explain the ...

MENSTRUATION & MENOPAUSE Prof. JHAL BARCIAL-ESPINOSA, MAN, RN OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF NURSING  1 2 3 4 LEARNING OBJECTIVE S Relate Identify the Use critical Explain the  MENSTRUATION periodic, cyclic, monthly discharge of blood from the uterus Blood loss (30 – 80cc) Iron loss (12 – 29mg) Occurs during puberty, 9-17 years old, average of 12 years old, onset of menarche  MENSTRUAL PERIOD Woman’s monthly bleeding Usually last 3-5 days, maximum of 7 days  MENSTRUAL CYCLE Is the monthly It is counted from the hormonal cycle a first day of your period female body goes up to the first day of through to prepare for the next period pregnancy Ranges from 23 – 35 days, maximum of 40 days  MENSTRUAL CYCLE 1ST HALF 2ND HALF 3RD DAY HYPOTHALAMUS 13TH DAY FSHRF LHRF ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND FSH LH OVARIES ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE GF CL UTERUS  PHASES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE TRIGGERED BY LH SURGE PROLIFERATIVE -MAY CAUSE “MITTELSCHMERZ” (MID CYCLE PAIN) PHASE -OVUM CAN BE FERTILIZED TRIGGERED BY LH SURGE OVULATION -MAY CAUSE “MITTELSCHMERZ” (MID CYCLE PAIN) -OVUM CAN BE FERTILIZED FIXED LENGTH (14 DAYS) -RUPTURED FOLLICLE TRANSFORMS TO CORPUS SECRETORY PHASE LUTEUM -PROGESTERONE FROM CORPUS LUTEUM SUSTAINS ENDOMETRIUM DEGENERATION OF CORPUS LUTEUM MENSTRUATION → DECLINE OF PROGESTERONE → TRIGGERS MENSTRUATION  DYSMENORRHEA PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA - No known or identified cause - Discomfort begins 1-2 days before onset of menses then subsides by 2nd day SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS - Nausea, vomiting and pain MANAGEMENT - warm compress, aerobic exercise - avoid caffeine, alcohol and smoking - oral contraceptives to suppress ovulation DYSMENORRHEA SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA - with underlying disease condition 1. PID – Pelvic inflammatory disease 2. Endometritis 3. Uterine Prolapse 4. Uterine Myomas  MENOPAUSE is the time in a woman's life when her period stops it usually occurs naturally, most often after age 45. happens because the woman's ovaries stop producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone woman has reached menopause when she has not had a period for one year. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS  Estrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT) - eliminates hot flushes - prevents atrophic vagina - prevents mood swings, osteoporosis a.Start within 3 years after LMP b.Calcium 1gm/day at HS + Vit D c.↑ OFI at least 3,000 to prevent renal stones  HEALTH TEACHINGS Regular exercise, avoid too much weight lifting Ca + Vit D intake (Calvit) KY Jelly Avoid smoking, alcohol Regular Physical Examination