Ch 29 AP 2 PDF - Online Quiz Questions

ONLINE QUIZ QUESTIONS 1. What is the largest molecule that can pass through a nephron? a. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 9.5 kilodaltons b. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 12.5 kilodaltons c. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 13.5 kilodaltons d. A molecule that has a mo...

ONLINE QUIZ QUESTIONS 1. What is the largest molecule that can pass through a nephron? a. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 9.5 kilodaltons b. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 12.5 kilodaltons c. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 13.5 kilodaltons d. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 14.5 kilodaltons Answer: a Textbook Reference: Basic Mechanisms of Kidney Function Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. The colloid osmotic pressure is best defined as the a. pressure generated by the contraction of skeletal muscles pushing on the blood vessels. b. osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood vessels. c. pressure generated by the contraction of smooth muscles around the blood vessels. d. pressure difference between the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma and the osmotic pressure of the capsular fluid. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Basic Mechanisms of Kidney Function Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 3. If the blood pressure in the glomerular capillary is +7 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –3 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –2 kPa, then the filtration pressure is _______ kPa. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 8 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Basic Mechanisms of Kidney Function Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 4. If the filtration pressure is +8 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –2 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –1 kPa, then the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is _______ kPa. a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 11 Answer: d Textbook Reference: Basic Mechanisms of Kidney Function Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 5. Which of the following will not have an effect on the glomerular blood pressure? a. Nervous system innervation of the smooth muscles that surround blood vessels b. Endocrine system hormones acting on skeletal muscles © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. c. An increase in heart rate d. A change in the diameter of the efferent blood vessel Answer: b Textbook Reference: Basic Mechanisms of Kidney Function Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 6. In amphibians, sodium reabsorption begins in a. the loop of Henle. b. the proximal convoluted tubule. c. Bowman’s capsule. d. the distal convoluted to tubule. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Amphibians Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 7. In amphibians, chloride reabsorption begins in a. the proximal convoluted tubule. b. Bowman’s capsule. c. the loop of Henle. d. the distal convoluted to tubule. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Amphibians Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 8. Which substance(s) can be present in the proximal convoluted tubule in amphibians’ nephrons? a. Sodium b. Amino acids c. Sodium and chloride d. Sodium, chloride, and amino acids Answer: d Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Amphibians Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 9. Which hormone controls water regulation in the kidney? a. Cortisol b. ADH c. Oxytocin d. Epinephrine Answer: b Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Amphibians Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 10. In amphibians, when ADH is released, the number of aquaporins in the bladder a. increases. b. decreases. © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. c. and the distal convoluted tubule increases. d. and the distal convoluted tubule decreases. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Amphibians Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 11. Which sequence demonstrates the correct order of the structures of a mammalian nephron from blood to ureter? a. Proximal convoluted tubule; Bowman’s capsule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule b. Bowman’s capsule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule; proximal convoluted tubule c. Bowman’s capsule; proximal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule d. Distal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; Proximal convoluted tubule; Bowman’s capsule Answer: c Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 4. Analyzing 12. The macula densa in mammalian nephrons secrete a. renin. b. aldosterone. c. ADH. d. sodium. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 13. The active transport of NaCl in the ascending limb of loop of Henle leads to a. hyperosmotic fluid in the lumen. b. hyperosmotic fluid in the interstitial region. c. isosmotic fluid in the lumen. d. hyposmotic fluid in the interstitial region. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 5. Evaluating 14. Urea is reabsorbed in the collecting duct by a. simple diffusion. b. facilitated diffusion. c. primary active transport. d. secondary active transport. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 15. The vasa recta are a. cells in the collecting ducts. b. substances released from the afferent arteriole. c. blood capillaries around loop of Henle in mammals. d. blood capillaries around the proximal convoluted tubules in mammals. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 16. Some medications to treat hypertension act on the a. sodium–potassium pumps. b. sodium channels. c. Na–K–2Cl cotransporter. d. Na–Cl cotransporters. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 17. In the mammalian proximal convoluted tubule, sodium reabsorption is coupled with a. sodium. b. glucose. c. protons. d. glucose and protons. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 18.–20. Refer to the figure below. © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. 18. Which number corresponds to the lowest osmolarity? a. I b. II c. III d. IV Answer: d Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 19. Which number signifies the area that will not reabsorb water? a. I b. II c. III d. IV Answer: c Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 20. Which area shows the highest variation in osmolarily? a. I b. II c. III © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc. d. V Answer: d Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Mammals Bloom’s Category: 3. Applying 21. Which structure is usually not found in marine teleosts? a. Distal convoluted tubule b. Glomerular capsule c. Proximal convoluted tubule d. Loop of Henle Answer: a Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Other Vertebrates Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 22. Which statement about marine teleosts is true? a. Some species lack glomeruli. b. They are hyperosmotic to seawater. c. They have more nephrons compared to freshwater teleosts. d. They live in a hyposmotic environment. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Other Vertebrates Bloom’s Category: 2. Understanding 23. Insects have excretory tubules known as a. Malpighian tubules. b. nephridia. c. loopless nephrons. d. coelomosac. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Urine Formation in Insects Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering © 2016 Sinauer Associates, Inc.