Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections PDF

Chapter 24 : Digestive System Infections oral cavity normal microbiota small/large intestines ↳...

Chapter 24 : Digestive System Infections oral cavity normal microbiota small/large intestines ↳ very few in stomach (PH1-2) Oral Diseases oral thrush : Condida albicans · most common in infants/immunocompromised · white patches/pseudomembranes in mouth · treated topically/systemically - symptoms appear quickly intoxication : ingest pre-formed toxin infection : infected with pathogen amay produce toxins intoxication : Staphylococcal Food Poisoning S. aureus : can grow on food ! it can produce enterotoxins & digestive tract enterotoxins resistant to low pH · heat-resistant (with stand 100 ) % S. arrees > - undercooked raw foods common · inhabitant of skin > - transferred to food by food handler Symptoms : 1-6 hours nausea , cramping diarrhea,vomiting , usually resolve 24-y8 hrs -  Typhoid Fever Salmonella tyhii : · severe salmonellosis -> Salmonella gastroenteritis Transmission fecal-oral route symptoms high fever, body : aches , nausea , lethargy (1) penetrates the intestinal mocosa 2) liver/gall bladder · olceration/ perforation of intestines -untreated mortalityv101. ~ 5 % of infected > - asymptomatic carriers ↳ bacteria in gall bladder E. collInfections pathogenic strains ↳ transmission : fecal-oral route I most common pathogenic strains 1. Enterotoxigenic E Coli. = ETEC traveller's diarrhea mild , self-limiting. Entero invasive E Coli 2. = EIEC - invades intestinal epithelium some what more serious than ETEC -usually self-limiting 3. Enteropathogenic E Coli = EPEC. - can cause potentially fatal diarrhea (esp. in infants) symptoms mild-life : threatening severe denydration  E coli. 0157 : #7 13 4 E coli. Enterohemorrhagic. = EHEC can curse epidemics produces variety of toxins, including verotoxin · mild-life threatening bloody diarned ↳ hemorrhagic colitis/ severe bleeding complication : HVS = hemolyticoremic syndrome damages KBCs build up , in Kidneys > Kidney failure - Cholera-Vibrio cholerae fecal loval route > associated poor sanitation after natural disasters - large infections dose-> V Cholerae. sensitive to stomach acid enters intestines > - attaches to epithelial cells > - cholera toxin Cholera toxin causes watery diarned can lose up I liter of fluid every to -> up to 5 gallons) day "rice water" stools · severe dehydration/electrolyte imbalances treatments : fluids/electrolytes ; sometimes use antibiotics Heliobacter pylosi · peptic ulcers associated with stomach cancer colonizes epithelial cells in stomach NAze creates a region of higher ↳ produces a crease pH in stomach-> allows bacteria to grow urea creaseNATO I  · · H pylori damages mucous-producing. cells acid stomach lining acted upon by inflammation (gastritis) + ulcers symptoms : narsea , lack of appetites burping , bleeding ulcers > - dark stool Diagnosis:breathtta I CO2 I detect Treatment : acid reducers t antibiotics CDI - clostridium difficile · Grt bacillus > - spore former · part of normal microbiota ~ 5 % adults 10 % ; infants CDI-usually result of antibiotic (Clindamycin) & therapy -> broad spectrum superinfection - C difficile grows > produces toxins. -  2 Main toxins () causes diarnea/ fluid loss 2) mucosal injury I cell death ↳ severe inflammation - > colitis pseudomembranes ~ 3% patients > toxic Megacular - ↳ have to remove colon may Treatments antibiotics 1) Metronidazole 2) vancomycin · tapering pulsing 3) dificid FNT = Fecal Matter Transfer 95 %. cure rate Hepat it is · liver inflammation · 5 hepatitis viruses · not related except for cassing hepatitis Itep At Hep -- ingestion Hep B , Hep) , Hepp > - parental route blood/bodily fluids (Jex , IV drug user) · 1. Viremia - Spleen , kidneys , liver. virus 2 infect hepatocytes 3. Symptoms : malaise , anorexia , yellowing skin/ eyes jaundice HepA + HepE (mildilness) · transmission : fecal-oval route · close personal contact · eating raw shellfish ↳ contaminated seawater HepB + Hep( > - Parental route chronic carrier ↓ chronic liver disease/cirrhosis/ failure HCL hepatocellular = carcinoma (liver cancer) one of main reasons for liver transplants treatments available > - Heps Protozoan Infections ofthe Digestive Tract Giardiasis Giardia lamblia G. intestinalis common in US · · transmission : Giardia cysts (H20) b resistant to chlorination > filter IzO to remove cysts swallow cyst-passes through stomach-> enters intestines b trophozate form ↓ attaches via adhesive disks b block nutrient absorption symptoms : asymptomatic > GIt symptom - ↳ stays in GIT resolves 2-6 weeks usually become chronic carriers you can Helminthic Infections of the Digestive Tract Trichinosis Tricnivella ork, bear, , spirals Transmission - > consume meat containing trichivella cysts ↳ in muscle I Swallow cyst -> enters stomach. worm emerges 2 When exposed to stomach acid. Matures 3 in large intestine 4. Migrate into muscle > - where forms cysts Symptoms- > often asymptomatic · can include abdominal symptoms (navea diarrhea , sometimes > severe symptoms depending on cyst location - rarely fatal Treatment- > must begin early since cysts are resistant