Ch 13 Integumentary System: Skin, Hair, & Nails PDF

 Epidermis - Outermost layer of the skin. - Dermis - The inner, supportive layer of the skin. - - - Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis) - A layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis that helps insulate the body, protect it from trauma, and regulate temper...

 Epidermis - Outermost layer of the skin. - Dermis - The inner, supportive layer of the skin. - - - Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis) - A layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis that helps insulate the body, protect it from trauma, and regulate temperature. - - Nails - Hard plates of keratin, a tough protein that also forms part of the skin and hair. - - - Hair - Soft strands of keratin, made of the same protein as nails but in a softer, more flexible form. [People have two types of hair]. 1. - 2. - Eccrine glands - coiled tubules that open directly onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline solution called sweat. Apocrine glands - produce a thick, milky secretion and open into the hair follicles. - [Infants and Children] - - Vernix caseosa - (present at birth) thick, cheesy substance made up of sebum and shed epithelial cells. - - - - - - - [The Aging Adult ] - - - - - - - - - - [Subjective data]: Information provided by the patient about their feelings, symptoms, or experiences, such as pain, fatigue, or nausea. It cannot be measured or observed directly by others. (subjective think sensitive → feelings) - - \*\*\*Focussed assessment for systems is a full assessment for that system (if needed)\*\* Focused Database Assessment - Emergent, Urgent, Important, etc.. - - - - - - [Subjective Data]: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [Inflammation acronym]: **S** - Swelling **H** - Heat **A** - A loss of function **R** - Redness **P** - Pain [Subjective Data: Aging Adults] - - - - - - - - - Common vs Normal Delayed skin healing - common [Physical Examination] - - - - - Intertriginous areas - regions where skin touches skin, such as under the breasts, in the groin, or between skin folds. - **T** - type - **A** - amount **C** - color **C** - consistency **O** - odor [Inspect Skin Color] Color - - - - - - - - - - - - Ridges in the nails can sometimes indicate malnutrition, but they can also be associated with other conditions: - - - \*\* If ridges are seen, it\'s important to check the patient's diet and health.\*\* [Detecting Color Changes in Dark Skin] - - - - Mottling - typically seen in (Caucasian skin) refers to a patchy, purplish or bluish discoloration of the skin. - - - Moisture - - Vascularity/Bruising - - - - Lesions: note color, elevation, shape, size, exudate - - - Texture: Expected = Smooth, firm - Edema (fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces) -  Textbook answer: Where do you assess turgor on the body? - - - \*Can occur due to dehydration Taut skin - tight skin due to edema - [Inspect and Palpate the Hair] - - - - - - - [Inspect and Palpate the Nails] - - - - - - - - - - - Self skin exams = once a month!  [Developmental Competence: Adolescents] - - - [Developmental Competence: Pregnancy] - - - - - [Developmental Competence: Aging Adult] - - - - - - -   If a pressure wound is covered in eschar = you cannot stage it!!  The lower the number the higher the risk! [Lesions Caused by Trauma or Abuse: Hematomas] - - - - - - Intimate parent violence you do not report. [Common Skin Lesions in Children] (Table 13-9) - - - - - - [Common Skin Lesions] (Table 13-10) - - - - - - Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1): Primarily causes oral herpes (cold sores around the mouth), but it can also cause genital herpes through oral-genital contact. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2): Primarily causes genital herpes, which is usually sexually transmitted, but it can occasionally affect the oral area. -  [Abnormal Conditions of Hair] (Table 13-12) - - - - - - - [Dehydration] - - - - - - - [Developmental Competence-Aging Adult] - - - - - - - - - - - Quiz: 1. patient? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Sclera Hard/soft palate junction Palms 2. Excessive hair growth on a female's face and chest [Rationale]: This condition is caused by improper functioning of the endocrine glands or a metabolic dysfunction. 3. physiology? The pink color is because of vascular epithelial cells. 4. Regular body temperature Prevents invasion of microorganisms Assists in the production of vitamin D 5. Cherry-red nail beds with carbon monoxide poisoning 6. \"Skin turgor is affected by extreme weight loss.\" 7. with senile lentigines? Small, flat brown macules on forearms and hands. 8. loosening of the nail plate, for which additional finding would the nurse assess? Greenish discoloration around the nail plate 9. adult? Sebaceous glands decrease, causing dry skin. 10. functions? \"Epidermis is thin but tough.\" 11. Generalized pallor 12. Pulmonary disease 13. Discrete 14. Bulla 15. Full-thickness skin/tissue loss 16. Woods light 17. Silver micalike scales 18. lesions of seborrheic keratosis? They do not become cancerous. 19. Follows route of cutaneous sensory nerve pathways 20. Trains for and runs in marathons Is a farmer Works as a roofer Repairs old furniture as a hobby 21. Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections 22. Pallor Cyanosis Jaundice