Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Transcription PDF

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Transcription: What’s the difference Can you interpret the RNA processing before nuclear exit?  Translation: The Players Translation mRNA protein The ingredient required for translation - mRNA produced by transcripti...

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Transcription: What’s the difference Can you interpret the RNA processing before nuclear exit?  Translation: The Players Translation mRNA protein The ingredient required for translation - mRNA produced by transcription. ribosomes transfer RNA enzymes and sources of chemical energy, such as ATP Translation: Nucleotides to Amino Acids The flow of genetic information from gene to protein Based on a triplet code called Codon OR Genetic Code, a series of three-base. The Genetic Code is the set of rules that helps Translate a nucleotide sequence in RNA to an amino acid sequence. Three-base codon in the DNA are transcribed into complementary three-base codon in the RNA. Then, the RNA codons are translated into amino acids that form a polypeptide.  Codons are triplets DNA strand TRANSCRIPTION RNA TRANSLATION Codon Polypeptide Amino acid Transfer RNA (tRNA) Acts as translator/ interpreter to convert the codons of nucleic acids to the amino acid words of proteins To perform this task, tRNA molecules must carry out two distinct functions: 1. pick up the appropriate amino acids and 2. recognize the appropriate codons in the mRNA with the help of an anti-codon. The unique structure of tRNA molecules enables them to perform both tasks.  Amino acid attachment site Hydrogen bond RNA polynucleotide chain Anticodon tRNA tRNA polynucleotide (simplified (ribbon model) representation)  Transfer RNA (tRNA) A tRNA molecule is made of a single strand of RNA—one polynucleotide chain—consisting of ~ 80 nucleotides. At one end of the tRNA structure is a special triplet of bases called an anticodon. The anticodon triplet is complementary to a codon triplet on mRNA. During translation, the anticodon on the tRNA recognizes a particular codon on the mRNA by using base-pairing rules.  Transfer RNA (tRNA) At the other end of the tRNA molecule is a site where one specific kind of amino acid attaches. The attachment of amino acid to tRNA is called ‘charging’ and it is done by Aminoacyl tRNA Synthase. Although all tRNA molecules are similar, there are slightly different versions of tRNA for each amino acid. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.