Ceutics Lec 3 PDF

# Additive in Syrup ## Preservative Anti Microbial Agent - Required to Prevent growth of Microorganisms. - The amount of added Preservative depends on: - Proportion of H2O available for growth of Microorganisms - The Capability of Preservative itself - Type of the preservative/Cap...

# Additive in Syrup ## Preservative Anti Microbial Agent - Required to Prevent growth of Microorganisms. - The amount of added Preservative depends on: - Proportion of H2O available for growth of Microorganisms - The Capability of Preservative itself - Type of the preservative/Capability of the preservative ## Flavorant - Render Syrup Pleasant taste - Flavorant must be water soluble why?! Because Syrup are aqueous solution - Many of Added Flavouring agent is sterile and have Antimicrobial effect - Example of Preservatives - Benzoic acid: 1-2% - Na Benzoate: 1-12% - Combination of methyl Parben, Propyl Parben and butyl Parben totaling about 1% ## Colorant - To enhance the appeal of Syrup - Colorant must be Collored with Flavoring agent ## Elixirs - H2O + Ethanol = Elixir (hydroalcoholic mixture) - Definition: Clear, Sweetened hydro alcoholic aqueous solution - H2O + Alcohol = non medicated elixirs (used as solvent) - H2O + Alcohol + Therapeutic Agent = medicated elixirs ### Advantage - **Self Preserving:** If the elixir has 10-12% alcohol, it does not require preservative - **Flexibility:** Ease of dose administation for patients who have difficulty in swallowing ### Disadvantage - **Not Suitable:** for children and adults who choose to avoid alcohol ### Syrup - H2O + Sugar = Syrup - **% of alcohol in elixir vary** - Poor water soluble Substance: ↑% of alcohol - good water soluble Substance: ↓% of alcohol ### Advantage - **High % of Sugar:** More Sweet and More viscous - **More Effective:** in masking taste ### Disadvantage - **Lower % of Sugar:** Less Sweet and less viscous - **Less Effective:** in masking taste ## Elixir Preferred than Syrup Due to: - **Stable Characteristic** - **Easy to prepare** # Aromatic Water - Aqueous solution + Volatile oil = Aromatic Water - Definition: Clear A.S Saturated with volatile oil or Aromatic or volatile substance - Volatile oil (aromatic substance): have very Low water solubility - Not widely used but are used in perfuming/flavoring # Topical Solution ## Nasal Solutions - **Nasal Solutions** - Drug + H2O + small volume solution - Nasal Preparation must have 6.8 PH - Should be isotonic with Nasal Secretion - **It's viscosity can be modified with Cellulose** - **Ear Drops (Otic Solution)** - Simple solutions of Drug in H2O, glycerol, PG: antibiotic, antiseptic, wax softner, cleansing solution - mainly glycerin or H2O used as solvent - **Viscous glycerin permit drug to remain in ear for longer time** - Anhydrous Glycerin is hygroscopic (remove moisture from surrounding tissues and swelling), so it is Zero viscosity ## Sprays - Definition: Aqueous or oleaginous solution or finely divided solid - **Used as:** - **Intra nasal:** to relive nasal congestion, inflammation, infection - **Throat spray:** Containing Antiseptic, deoderant, flavorant; effective to releive sore throat, laryngitis - **Ear spray:** Contain Antibiotic and/or Antiseptic, used to remove Cerumen (ear wax) # Mouth Wash - Definition: Hydroalcoholic solution used for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes - **Therapeutic:** - To relieve plaque, gingivitis, dental carries - To reduce bad breath - **Mouth wash generally contains:** - Alcohol - Surfactant - Humectant: to decreased dryness - Coloring agents - flavor - **Gargles** - Definition: Aqueous solution containing antibiotics, antiseptic, anesthetic - Used to treat the pharynx and nasopharynx