CEO Activity 2 PDF

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT...

QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” LESSON II: CIVIL ENGINEERING SOCIETY AND PROFESSIONS a) DEFINITION OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Engineering - is the creative application of science, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to the innovation, design, construction, and maintenance of structures, machines, materials, devices, systems, processes, and organizations. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application. ECPD- Engineer‘s Council for Professional Development, now the ABET – Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc. gives a classical definition of Engineering as: …the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences gained by study, experience and practice is applied with judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically and with concern for the environment and society, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. WHAT IS CIVIL ENGINEERING? - it is an engineering discipline that deals with constructed environment includes planning, technical designing and overseeing, construction and maintenance of the built structures or public works such as buildings, facilities, railroads, roads, bridges, airports, harbours, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, water and sewerage systems. Royal Charter Institute of Civil Engineers of London defines Civil Engineering as “art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man.” According to Fredrick S. Merit Handbook for Civil Engineers, “Civil Engineering is that field of Engineering concerned with planning, design and construction for environmental control, development of natural resources, buildings, transportation facilities and other structures required for health, welfare, safety employment and pleasure of mankind.” VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” Civil engineering is named as it is because it is part of science which deals with the comfort accessories required by the civilians, relating to citizens and their concerns with respect to their basic needs of shelter, transportation, workplace and others, as distinct from military. b) THE EVOLUTION OF A PROFESSION Today an Engineer is described as someone who has acquired and is applying their scientific and technical knowledge to designing, analysing and building useful, helpful and functional works. This would involve structures, machines and apparatus, manufacturing processes as well as forecasting their behaviour in particular environmental conditions. This is all accomplished with functionality, operational economics and safety to life and property forefront in mind. The term Engineer is derived from the Middle English (denoting a designer and constructor of fortifications and weapons; formerly also as ingineer ): in early use from Old French engigneor, from medieval Latin ingeniator, from ingeniare ‗contrive, devise‘, from Latin ingenium (see engine); in later use from French ingénieur or Italian ingegnere, also based on Latin ingenium, with the ending influenced by –eer, which means "innate quality particularly of mental power or cleverness". Thus the word Engineer emerged as a person who creates nifty and practical inventions.  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” lightly: to utilize materials and technology in the service of mankind. One of the major functions of the profession is to ensure that this occursThe profession we know as engineering today emerged during the 1500‘s when specialists began using mathematics to design military fortifications. These special military architects would generally let craftsmen do the actual construction, thus becoming the first true engineers in the modern sense of the word. It was during the late 1800‘s when inventors began identifying with the engineering process and the engineering profession began to divide into special disciplines, such as civil, mechanical, and electrical engineering. HISTORY OF LICENSE A century ago, anyone could work as an engineer without proof of competency. In order to protect the public health, safety, and welfare, the first engineering licensure law was enacted in 1907 in Wyoming.  1922 – The American Association of Engineers (which later became the National Society of Professional Engineers) put forth a platform for engineering that included the "passage of an engineer‘s registration law in every state and the enforcement of existing registration laws."  1934 – The National Society of Professional Engineers is formed, with the membership requirement of being a professional, licensed engineer. At the time, only 28 states had engineering registration laws enacted.  1940 – Between 1935 and 1940, 17 additional states adopted engineering registration laws, partly through the efforts of NSPE members.  1947 – Montana is the last state to enact engineering licensure laws.  Republic Act No. 544 (As amended by R.A 1582) - An act to regulate the practice of Civil Engineering in the Philippines. This act shall be known as Civil Engineering Law. Now every state regulates the practice of engineering to ensure public safety by granting only Professional Engineers (PEs) the authority to sign and seal engineering plans, and offer their services to the public. What is Profession? -it refers to a free act of commitment to a way of life. One ―professes‖ to be a certain type of person and to occupy a special social role that carries with it stringent moral requirements. -it is also the act or fact of ―professing‖. It has come to mean; the occupation which one professes to be skilled in and to follow. A vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others, or in the practice of an art based upon it. ENGINEERING AS A PROFESSION 1. Advanced Expertise- the profession require sophisticated skills (knowing-how) and theoretical knowledge (knowing-that) in exercising judgment that is not entirely routine or susceptible to mechanization. Continuing education and updating knowledge are required. VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” 2. Self-regulation- well established societies of professionals are allowed by the public to play a major role in setting standards for admission to the profession, drafting code of ethics, enforcing standards of conduct, and representing the profession before the public and the government. 3. Public good- the occupation serve some important public good, or aspect of the public good, and it does so by making a concerted effort to maintain high ethical standards throughout the profession. d) ETHICS AND PROFESSIONALISM Ethics and Excellence in Engineering ETHICS- involves appreciating the vast positive dimensions of engineering that so deeply enrich our lives. Engineering Ethics - Standards adopted by the professional community and established companies. - It is the systematic study of the rules and ideals, decisions, policies, and values that are morally desirable and justified in engineering practice, research and profession. - Consist of the responsibilities and rights that ought to be endorsed by those engaged in engineering, and also of desirable ideals and personal commitments in engineering. - It is synonymous with morality and refers to moral values that are sound or reasonable, action or policies that are morally required (right), morally permissible (all right), or otherwise morally desirable (good). - It is also the activity of studying morality; it is an inquiry into ethics in the first sense. Studies which actions, goals, principles, policies and laws are morally justified. Why Study Engineering Ethics?  To increase our ability to deal effectively with moral complexity in engineering. It also strengthens our ability to reason clearly and carefully about moral questions and to increase moral autonomy.  Autonomy –means self-determining. It can be viewed as the skill and habit to thinking rationally about ethical issues on the basis of moral concern and commitment.  It is important both in contributing to safe and useful technological products and in giving meaning to engineer‘s endeavors.  It is also complex, in ways that call for serious reflection throughout a career, beginning with earning a degree. Skills Related to Engineering Ethics 1. Moral awareness- proficiency in recognizing moral problems and issues in engineering 2. Cogent moral reasoning- Comprehending, clarifying and assessing arguments on opposing sides of moral issues 3. Moral coherence- forming consistent and comprehensive viewpoints based on consideration of relevant facts. 4. Moral imagination- Discerning alternative responses to moral issues and finding creative solutions for practical difficulties. VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” 5. Moral communication- precision in the use of a common ethical language, a skill needed to express and support one‘s moral views adequately to others. 6. Moral reasonableness-the willingness and ability to be morally reasonable. 7. Respect for persons- genuine concern for the well-being of others as well as oneself 8. Tolerance of diversity- within a broad range, respect for ethic and religious difference and acceptance of reasonable differences in moral perspectives. 9. Moral hope- enriched appreciation of the possibilities of using rational dialogue in resolving moral conflicts. 10. Integrity- maintaining moral integrity and integrating one‘s professional life and personal convictions. Why follow Code of Ethics?  Because it provides clear definition of what the public expects from responsible engineers.  It builds your reputation and reputation of your profession PROFESSIONALISM- acting in a professional manner when carrying out duties and employment. ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALISM as the Professional Model- the term of this trust relationship, sometimes referred to as a ―social contract‖ with the public.  The professionals agree to regulate their practice so that in promotes the public good.  They agree to hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.  They also agree to regulate themselves in accordance with the high standards of technical competence and ethical practice so that they do not take unfair advantage of the public. Engineers have always been looked upon to provide professional conduct:  Organization  Levelheadedness  Thoroughness  Dedication  Attentiveness to details  Promptness  Taking pride in their profession e) TRUST AND RELIABILITY As society has become increasingly professionalized, it has also become more dependent on the service of professionals whose knowledge and expertise are not widely shared or understood. In its ignorance, the public must place its trust in the reliable performance of Engineers, both as individuals and as members of teams of engineers who work together. AREAS OF MORAL CONCERN THAT ARE ESPECIALLY RELEVANT TO THE TRUSTWORTHINESS OF ENGINEERS 1. Honesty- codes of ethics require engineers to be honest and impartial in their professional judgments. VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” 2. Dishonesty Forms of dishonesty  Lying  Deliberate deception  Withholding the truth  Failing to seek out the truth. Dishonesty is wrong because: - It violates the moral agency of individuals by causing them to make decisions without informed consent. - It can undermine the relations of trust on which a scientific community id founded, as well as informed decision making, thus impending the development of technology. - Dishonesty on campus accustoms a student to dishonesty, which can carry over into his or her professional life. There are, in fact, exact counterparts in the scientific research and engineering communities to the types of dishonesty exhibited by students on campus. 3. Confidentiality- one can misuse the truth not only by lying or otherwise distorting or withholding it but also disclosing it in inappropriate circumstances. Engineers in private practice might be tempted to disclose confidential information without the consent of the client. Information might be confidential if it is either given to the engineer by the client or discovered by the engineer in the process of work done for the client. 4. Intellectual property rights- is property that results from mental labor. It can be protected in several ways, including as:  Trade secrets- are formulas, patterns, devices or compilations of information that are used in business to gain an advantage over competitors who do not possess the trade secrets.  Patents- are documents issued by the government that allow the owner of the patent to exclude others from making use of the patented information 20 years from the date of exclude filing. To obtain patent, the invention must be new, useful and nonobvious.  Trademarks- are words, phrases, designs, sounds, or symbols associated with goods or services.  Copyrights- are rights to creative products such as books, pictures, graphics, sculptures, music, movies, and computer programs. 5. Expert witnessing- Engineers are sometimes hired as expert witnesses in cases that involve accidents, defective products, structural defects, and patent infringements as well as in other areas where competent technical knowledge is required 6. Communicating with the Public- it is an obligation of engineers to protect the health and safety of the public requires more than refraining from telling lies or simply refusing to withhold information. It requires that engineers ensure that the consumers of technology are not forced to make uninformed decisions regarding the use of that technology. 7. Conflict of Interest- exists for professional when, acting in their professional roles, they have other interests that if actively pursued, threaten to compromise their professional judgment and interfere with satisfactorily fulfilling their professional duties. VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” f) RESPONSIBILITY IN ENGINEERING Human beings have been adapting their environment to better suit their needs and wants since before recorded history. There have always been people who designed and built tools or other devices to solve problems or improve lives. As civilizations developed, people began reshaping their environment with farms, villages, ships, roads, and eventually great cities. With each advance came new challenges that required more complex and creative solutions. One early example of an activity that we now call engineering was the construction and improvement of the aqueduct system that transported water in and around Rome starting in the fourth century BC. A project of that scope today would be largely the responsibility of engineers. Responsibility- is whatever the law requires- including legal obligations and accountability for meeting them. Legal responsibilities of Engineers overlap with their moral and professional responsibilities RESPONSIBLE PROFESSIONAL Senses of Responsibilities 1. Obligations-responsibilities are obligations, type of action that are morally mandatory such as be honest, fair and decent. 2. Accountable- being responsible means morally accountable, including the capacity to understand and act on moral reasons. It is also entails being answerable for meeting particular obligations that is liable to be held to account by other people in general or by specific individuals in positions of authority. 3. Conscientious, Integrity- tries to do the right thing, and largely succeed in doing so, even under difficult circumstances. It is a virtue-an excellence of character. 4. Blameworthy/Praiseworthy-in context where it is clear that accountability for wrongdoing is at issue, ―responsible‖ becomes a synonym to blameworthy. In context where it is clear that right conduct is at issue, ―responsible‖ is a synonym for praiseworthy. A civil engineer - is a professional who oversees construction projects.  They are the ones responsible for the complete construction, functionality, and safety of the project.  They have to use their education and principles of civil engineering to bring to life creations designed by architects.  They have to work with a team of professionals and manage a large number of construction workers. This is quite a responsible job. What do Civil Engineers Do? To put it in simple terms, civil engineers build. Architect designs the structures, but it is a civil engineer who checks for the feasibility of the design, makes improvements, and finally constructs the structure. VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” General Responsibilities of a Civil Engineer  Assess Construction Site – Civil engineers have to assess and do a complete feasibility study of the construction site. They have to consider many factors, including the impact on nature and the surrounding environment, and plan accordingly.  Planning the construction – Civil engineers have to plan out the whole construction process beforehand. This has to be a systematic process to facilitate the smooth flow of work. Every step has to be meticulously planned.  Budgets – If the budget already has been set for the work, it is the job of the civil engineer to make sure all the construction happens within the budget. If the budget has not been set, the civil engineer, along with the planner, will take into account the raw materials required, machinery & equipment costs, labour required for the project, and set the budget and deadlines accordingly.  Oversee the Construction – The biggest responsibility of a civil engineer is to oversee the construction. They have to be there to see the construction being done in phases set by them. They also check the quality during construction.  Final Inspection – Before the project can be termed complete, civil engineers have to do a thorough final inspection of the construction. Once the structure is deemed safe, they prepare a report and label the construction as complete. Key Skills Required for Civil Engineering So, if you are interested in civil engineering, here are the skills that you will need to have:  Planning and organizing skills as they are the initial steps in a civil engineer‘s work.  Strong technical, math, and science skills as they are an integral part of the construction.  Construction work is rife with problems as it involves people, products, and machinery. So, when problems arise you have to be good at sorting them.  Your team managing and leadership skills will help you manage the various professionals you are working with, and the workers working for you.  You also need to have good budgeting skills.  Meeting deadlines is important as missing any can be a costly affair.  You also need to know the government and local municipal laws of the area you will be working in. Civil engineers create constructions that benefit everyone. They play an important role in the development of society, making it safer and function better. End VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”  QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY CABARROGUIS CAMPUS Cabarroguis, 3400Quirino www.qsu.edu.ph CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT [email protected] 0917-126-9160 “Let us Build a Community of Engineers Task to Provide Efficient Efficient Engineering Solutions for the Society” VISION MISSION The leading center for academic and technological excellence Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate and prime catalyst for a progressive and sustainable appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley. “Molding Minds, Shaping Future”